Bio-adipic acid

Eastmann, USA East Bio Adipic acid, terephthalic acid, butanediol 15,000... 

First and Second Generation Production of Bio-Adipic Acid... 

Adipic acid is an important platform chemical with a turnover of 2.5 million tons per year. It is mainly applied as an intermediate reactant for the production of nylon-6,6, a world-leading polymer in the textile and the automobile industry. Due to a relatively high energy demand and greenhouse gas emission, inherently linked to the traditional petrochemical production, great potential exists for more sustainable bio-based alternatives. In pioneering developments, sugars, fats, and alkanes are used as novel feedstock for the production of bio-adipic acid. Recent approaches that recruit small... 

FIRST AND SECOND GENERATION PRODUCTION OF BIO-ADIPIC ACID... 

In order to become less dependent on oil and to reduce the ecological footprint of adipic acid production, the use of biomass as alternative feedstock is promising. However, such bio-based routes to a novel bio-based adipic acid (bio-adipic acid) have to compete with conventional processes with regard to the economic efficiency. In this regard, the low price of adipic acid about 1500/ton (ICIS Pricing) and the fully depreciated petrochemical plants are challenging for new bio-based processes, as this requests for high titers, yields, and productivities. Consequently, low-cost... 

FIGURE 19.1 Rennovia process for production of bio-adipic acid from glucose via two chemical catalytic steps (Boussie et al., 2010 de Guzman, 2010 Dapsens et al., 2012). 

FIGURE 19.2 Verdezyne process for production of bio-adipic acid from sugars, fats, and alkanes with Candia twpicalis via the w-oxidation pathway (Picataggio et al., 1992 Picataggio and Beardslee, 2012). When alkanes or fatty acids are used as feedstock, these typically long-chain snhstrates are depending on the number of carbons, repeatedly shortened via the p-oxidation pathway to obtain hio-adipic acid. 

FIGURE 19.3 Biorefinery concepts that integrate the first and second generation bio-adipic acid. (For a color version, see the color plate section.)... 

Bio-adipic acid is formed by different bacteria (Cheng et al., 2002). As example, it results from naturally occurring degradation of cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone (Figure 19.4). 

TABLE 19.2 Variable Cost Price of the Production of Bio-Adipic Acid from Different Feedstocks Via an Integrated Biotechnological Process With Cis,Cis-Muconic Acid as Intermediate Metabolite at 37 g/L in the Fermentation Broth... 

Substrate Euro/ton Molar yield % Variable cost price bio-adipic acid Euro/ton ... 

---