Binnemans

Binnemans, K. (2005) Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chemical Reviews, 105, 4148-4204. 

Gorller-Walrand, C. and Binnemans, I<. (1996) Rationalization of crystal-field parametrization, in Handbook On the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, vol. 23 (eds K.A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring), Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Arenz, S., Babai, A., Binnemans, K., Driesen, K., Giernoth, R., Mudring, A.-V., Nockemann, R, Intense near-infrared luminescence of anhydrous lanthanide(III) iodides in an imidazolium ionic liquid, Chem. Phys. Let., 402, 75-79, 2005. 

Binnemans K, Sleven J, De Feyter S, De Schryver FC, Donnio B, Guillon D (2003) Chem Mater 15 3930-3938... 

KYPKE-HUTTER K, VOGELGESANG J, MALISCH R, BINNEMAN P and WETZLAR H The origin of contamination of fish from the River Neckar with hexachlorobenzene octachlorostyrene and pentachlorobenzene formation in an industrial process. 1. The course of the contamination in the upper section of the River Neckar , Z. Lehensm. Enters. Forsch., 1986 182 464-470. 

To provide an overview of the rare-earth compounds which have been studied under pressure so far, table 1 lists the compounds, with respect to the doped ion and with the respective references. Obviously, Eu has been studied under pressure in much more host matrices than any of the other elements. This situation is similar to the observations made by Gorller-Walrand and Binnemans (1996), who reviewed the experimental data on spectroscopic properties of trivalent lanthanide ions doped into crystalline host matrices at ambient pressure. They found that Nd and Eu alone built up around 50% of all studies. 

The C are tensor operators, whose matrix elements again can be calculated exactly, whereas the crystal-field parameters Bk are regarded as adjustable parameters. The number of parameters for this potential is greatly reduced by the parity and triangular selection rules and finally by the point symmetry for the f-element ion in the crystal. Detailed information about the crystal-field potential has been given for example by Gorller-Walrand and Binnemans (1996). 

The splitting of free-ion levels by the action of a crystal field depends on the symmetry of the crystal field which in turn reflects the symmetry of the arrangement of the neighboring ions. This property can thus be used to get evidence about the point group symmetry of a site in a given solid once the splitting of the free-ion multiplets have been determined (see, for example, sect. 5.8 of Gorller-Walrand and Binnemans (1996)). This can be a very useful... 

C. Gorller-Walrand and K. Binnemans, Rationalization of crystal-field parameterization 121... 

Koen Binnemans, Applications of tetravalent cerium compounds 281... 

Gorller-Walrand and Binnemans (1996) have compiled the most complete listing of 4f-electron crystal field parameters across the lanthanide series. However, additional high quality crystal field level measurements for individual ions have been made since 1996 (see, for examples (De Leebeeck et al., 1999), for Nd LiYF4, or (Wegh et al., 2003), for Er LiYF4). 

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