Binder, calcium chloride solution

Other patents (81,82) coveted the preparation of cellulose solutions using NMMO and speculated about their use as dialysis membranes, food casings (sausage skins), fibers, films, paper coatings, and nonwoven binders. NMMO emerged as the best of the amine oxides, and its commercial potential was demonstrated by American Enka (83,84). Others (85) have studied the cellulose-NMMO system in depth one paper indicates that further strength increases can be obtained by adding ammonium chloride or calcium chloride to the dope (86). 

Catalysts. The starting material for all the catalysts was Linde 13X in powder form, free of clay binder. The bulk sample had a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 1.27 dz 0.02 16). In all cases, the zeolites were prepared by ion exchange with salt solution (either chloride, sulfate, or nitrate) of the required cation at room temperature. The extent of exchange was estimated from either analysis of the residual salt solution or determination of the residual sodium in the zeolite sample. After preparation, the exchanged zeolites were stored over saturated calcium nitrate solution. 

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