Binary waveform

Early computer software used to play music yms limited to WAV (binary waveform audio file format) and textual MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) files and, while interesting, was not widely used. Better file formats, in particular, MP3 (MPEG-1 audio layer 3) files, have produced high-quality reproductions that are small enough to download and store easily, and this has greatly increased audio player software. Early video software also was limited by file... 

In Fig. 4 we plot the waveforms of all models sorted according to the initial mass. Model E1/E2, the most massive one is the only one where a significant pre-merger EoS difference in the waveform are most pronounced. D1/D2, does not show any EoS differences in the GW frequency at pre-merger phase, may be for larger binary distances and therefore smaller tidal interaction, GW frequency differences could be seen already in that phase. The more interesting... 

Figure 7.3 IsSpice waveform results of binary counter circuit.

Annus, R., Min, M., Ojarand, J., Raavle, T., Land, R., Ellervee, R., Rarve, T, 2012. Multisine and Binary Multifrequency Waveforms in Impedance Spectrum Measurement - A Comparative Study. In IFMBE Rroceedings, 37. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 265—268. 

Impedance Detection, Fig. 25 Waveform of a linear binary chirp (BC)... 

The method will be illustrated with reference to a single pointer display which has 120 pointer positions and may have only 23 connections. The electrode configurations used are shown 0.62 size in Figs, la and lb but the display could alternatively be linear or full circular. Differently shaped binary sequence waveforms are applied simultaneously, one to each backplane segment. The meander electrode which will produce the pointer has the same binary sequence applied as the segment where the pointer is to lie. Thus there is zero voltage difference between... 

Fig. 2. Generation and properties of pseudorandom binary sequence waveforms.

TABLE 12.8 Sample Values and Binary Representations for the Waveform of Fig. 12.49(b). 

It can be shown (Ziemer and Tranter, 2002 Wozencraft and Jacobs, 1965 Blahut, 1990 Proakis, 2002) that the minimum probability of error is achieved when the receiver guesses the transmitted signal to be that signal which, given the received signal plus noise waveform, was most likely to have been transmitted. Such a receiver is called a maximum-likelihood receiver. For equally likely binary symbols transmitted in AWGN, it can be shown (Ziemer and Tranter, 2002) that the minimum probability of error is... 

Phased coded pulses may also be employed for pulse compression. A sequence of binary or polyphase samples is imposed on the uncompressed pulse duration at a specified bit rate corresponding approximately to the effective waveform bandwidth. For the commonly used linear recursive sequence (LRS) waveforms,... 

Synthesis by binary instruction is a curious technique developed in the 1970s at the Institute of Sonology in the Netherlands. This technique is commonly known as non-standard synthesis, but in this book we prefer to use the more specific term - binary synthesis - in order to distinguish it from other methods that could also be classified as non-standard for example, Walsh synthesis and sequential waveform composition (discussed in Chapter 5). 

In essence, the technique resembles the statistical wavecycle synthesis technique introduced earlier, with the fundamental difference that here the breakpoints are deterministic, in the sense that the segments are defined explicitly rather than statistically. Despite the deterministic nature of the technique itself, its outcome is often unpredictable, but notwithstanding interesting and unique. Like the binary instruction technique discussed in Chapter 2, synthesis by sequential waveform composition is also commonly referred to as non-standard synthesis. Indeed, in order to work with this technique one needs to be prepared to work with non-standard ways of thinking about sounds, because its s)mthesis parameters by no means bear a direct relation to acoustics. 

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