Billingham 2 Molar Mass Averages and Solution Properties

The determination of single molar mass averages from simple solution properties, such as colligative and viscosity methods, has not been a popular held of research in the past few years. The state of the art has been reviewed by Slade and by Billingham. Since the publication of ref. 2, two major manufacturers (Perkin-Elmer and Hewlett-Packard) have withdrawn from the market so that there is now a much reduced choice in equipment for membrane osmometry and for vapour pressure osmometry. Membrane osmometry as a technique has received virtually no attention during the review period, although its use has been reported in a number of papers. Oman has described studies of the osmotic coefficients of aqueous polyelectrolytes, and Oman and Batho describe theoretical models for 

Wescan Instruments Inc., 3018 Scott Boulevard, Santa Qara, California 95050, U.S.A. C. E. M. Morris, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 1977, 21, 435. 

V = dilute solution viscosity LS = light scattering OP = membrane osmotic pressure VPO = vapour pressure osmometry F = preparative fractionation 

---