Beta blockers for

Other Medications. A variety of other medications have been tried. These include hormone treatments and certain blood pressure medications (e.g., clonidine and the beta blockers). For the most part, these have met with minimal success and should not be considered a part of routine treatment. 

Krumholz HM, Radford MJ, Wang Y, Chen J, Heiat A, Marciniak TA. National use and effectiveness of beta-blockers for the treatment of elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction National Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. JAMA 1998 280(7) 623-9. 

In the 1980s and early 1990s there was a flurry of reports on the use of beta-blockers for a wide variety of acting-up conditions (Fraser et ah, 1998). Six of... 

Cleland JG Beta-blockers for heart failure Why, which, when, and where. Med Clin North Am 2003 87 339. [PMID 12693729]... 

Bangalore S et al Beta-blockers for primary prevention of heart failure in patients with hypertension Insights from a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 52 1062. [PMID 18848139]... 

Currently, a number of beta blockers are used clinically the selection of a specific agent depends on factors such as cardioselectivity, duration of action (half-life), and several other ancillary properties of each drug.110 Certain beta blockers, for instance, produce added effects such as mild peripheral vasodilation or stabilization of cardiac membranes that can be beneficial in treating certain cardiovascular condi-... 

Ohlstein EH, Romanic AM. New developments in the use of beta-blockers for the management of heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 13 999-1005. 

Sorrentino MJ. Beta-blockers for congestive heart failure. Compr Ther. 2003 29 210-214. 

Other manufacturers might come out with the fourth or fifth beta-blocker for high blood pressure, even if it couldn t be first. But not Merck. Merck makes discoveries, not just drugs. 

Beta-blockers for peripheral autonomic side effects... 

Krumholz HM. Beta-blockers for mild to moderate heart failure. Lancet 1999 353(9146) 2-3. 

Sharpe N. Benefit of beta-blockers for heart failure proven in 1999. Lancet 1999 353(9169) 1988-9. 

In the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES) in 1663 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III (70%) or IV (30%) symptoms and an ejection fraction less than 35%, the addition of spironolactone 25 mg/day to conventional treatment (an ACE inhibitor, a loop diuretic, in most cases digoxin, and in 11% a beta-blocker) for an average of 24 months lowered the risk of all-cause mortality by 30% (from 46% to 35%), death from progressive heart failure, and sudden death (28). There were similar reductions in hospital admissions for worsening heart failure and for all cardiac causes. The magnitude of the overall effect was similar and additional to the proven benefit from ACE inhibition in severe heart failure. 

Pregnant women taking beta-blockers for hypertension in pregnancy should not be given indometacin, as it can raise the blood pressure (47). 

Two women with pre-eclampsia treated with pindolol and propranolol became extremely hypertensive when indometacin was added for premature contractions (47). Pregnant women taking beta-blockers for hypertension in pregnancy should not be given indometacin, as it can raise the blood pressure (47). 

Alpert JS, Kobrin I, DeQuattro V, Friedman R, Shepherd A, Fenster PE, Thadani U. Additional antianginal and anti-ischemic efficacy of mibefradil in patients pretreated with a beta blocker for chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1997 79(8) 1025-30. 

The use of reaction sequences is also common in the analysis of pharmaceuticals. For example, for the purity test for hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) the DAB specifies a nitration reaction followed by reaction with naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride, in which the reaction sequence is performed as in the example given below. HCT is a diuretic which is often used in combination with beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure). Diuretics of this type are also abused in sport (doping) and appear on the list of banned substances prepared by the IOC (International Olympic Committee). In the quantitative determination of HCT in urine, the red azo dyes formed in the derivatization (parent substance and metabohtes) is regarded as a doping-positive result [111]. The complete specification for this analytical method, known as Application A-43.2, can be obtained from CAM AG. 

Beta blockers, for example Rednce somatic symptoms of Anxiety... 

Beta blockers (for example propranolol and oxprenolol) have a place in the treatment of some anxiety states. Although they do not affect psychological symptoms, such as worry, tension and fear, they are useful for patients with predominantly somatic symptoms such as palpitations and tremor treatment of these symptoms may prevent the onset of worry and fear. 

Magee LA, Duley L Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy [Cochrane... 

Esmolol is a short-acting beta-blocker for parenteral use only. Nadolol is a nonselective beta-blocker, and metoprolol is a pj-selective blocker. Timolol is useful in glaucoma because it does not anesthetize the cornea. The answer is (E). 

B. Clinical Uses and Toxicities Esmolol, a very short-acting beta-blocker for intravenous administration, is used exclusively in acute arrhythmias. Propranolol, metoprolol. and timolol are commonly used as prophylactic drugs in patients who have had a myoeardial infarction. These drugs provide a protective effect for 2 years or longer after the infarct. 

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