Beryllium ions, reactions

A corresponding reaction of acetate ion with AJP is also catalyzed by a bivalent metal ion. The reaction probably results in the formation of an acyl phosphate, which has not been identified as such but has been identified by trapping of the product with hydroxylamine. The best catalyst is beryllium ion, which catalyzes optimally at molar ratios of 1 to 1 or less. Acetate ion is presumably the reactive species, since the pH optimum of the reaction is 5. It is concluded from the pH effects in this study and in the transphosphorylation reaction that a complex of the metal ion and nucleophile must occur. Since acetate ion is a monodentate ligand, the mechanism postulated for the phosphorylation reaction above cannot be completely applicable to this case (36). 

Reactions of beryllium ions, Be2 To study these reactions use a 0- 1m solution of beryllium sulphate, BeS04.4H20. 

A reaction requiring photoactivation is between Be+ and neutral molecular hydrogen gas, shown in Figure 18.24 [48]. This reaction does not proceed with the beryllium ion in its ground electronic state. But when laser-cooled Be" " ions are excited to the 7 3/2 state, reaction occurs with a rate comparable to the Langevin rate ... 

Write an equation involving the reaction of an aqueous beryllium ion with a strong base to form [Be(OH)4]. Draw structures that represent the Lewis, VSEPR, and VBT representations of the tetrahydroxoberyllate ion. Estimate the bond angles in the anion. 

The beryllium ion has a relatively small ionic radius (0.35 A (Shannon and Prewitt, 1969)). As a consequence of this small size, its hydrolysis reactions begin to occur at a relatively low pH (about 5.3). Only the divalent ion exists in aqueous solution. 

Saltlike Carbides. Almost all carbides of Groups 1—3 of the Periodic Table are saltlike. Beryllium carbide and Al C may be considered as derivatives of methane ion) and most carbides having C2 groups, ie, ions, as derivatives of acetylene. This is supported to some extent by hydrolysis reactions ... 

The element with Z = 4 is beryllium (Be), with four electrons. The first three electrons form the configuration ls22s1, like lithium. The fourth electron pairs with the 2s-electron, giving the configuration ls22s2, or more simply [He 2s2 (41. A beryllium atom therefore has a heliumlike core surrounded by a valence shell of two paired electrons. Like lithium—and for the same reason—a Be atom can lose only its valence electrons in chemical reactions. Thus, it loses both 2s-electrons to form a Be2+ ion. 

The superior coordinating capacity of phosphonate over carboxylate is illustrated in the 9Be NMR spectra in Fig. 25 (260). The similarity of the spectra obtained by reaction of BeS04 and methylphosphonic acid or phosphonacetic acid indicates that the carboxylate group is not bound to the beryllium under these experimental conditions. It should be noted that substitution of a water molecule by a phosphonate ligand causes the 9Be resonance to move upfield when it co-ordinates, as does the fluoride ion (271), the only other monodenate ligand... 

One of the surprising aspects of this and other studies using naked metal ions as models for electron-transfer catalysis are the many analogies found to known transition metal chemistry, either in the gas phase with naked ions or for complexes under more normal conditions. Clearly, such simple models as the beryllium cation cannot account for transition metal reactivity, but they do have the advantage that, because of their very simplicity, the reasons for their effects are relatively clear. The fact that Be can catalyze a given reaction does not necessarily mean that, for instance, a transition metal does not use d-orbitals to catalyze the same reaction but it does mean that d-orbitals are not a prerequi-... 

The metal ion specificity for the reaction with acetate was different from that in the reaction with phosphate in the former beryllium was most active, followed by nickel. The alkaline earths that were so effective with phosphate did not catalyze the reaction with acetate at all. The difference in metal specificity in the two reactions was explained by assuming that complexation with the orthophosphate and acetate constitutes an important function in the reaction. 

Write the equations of the reactions and explain the occurring-processes. What is the coordination number of beryllium in sodium beryllate What type of orbital hybridization occurs when the beryllate ion forms and what spatial configuration does this correspond to ... 

What reactions occur consecutively in solutions of beryllium and magnesium salts when carbonate ions are introduced into them In what processes are beryllium and magnesium hydroxo-ions formed How can normal magesium carbonate be prepared ... 

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