Benzoic acid industrial source

Analogously, the use of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) or the in situ formation of peroxy acids by means of a sacrificial aldehyde (typically benzaldehyde plus molecular oxygen as a source of perbenzoic acid [20, 21]) are not viable processes, from an industrial point of view, because of the very poor atom efficiency and the huge formation of benzoic acids as side products. 

The observed ambient organic aerosol formation rates are also consistent with those estimated by extrapolation of smog-chamber kinetic data. Other heavy unsaturates, such as styrene and indene, are present in the atmosphere and may contribute, in part, to the formation of benzoic acid and homophthalic acid, respectively. Diesel exhaust and industrial emission are possible sources of such heavy unsaturates. Diolefins of C6+ are not present in gasolines and exhaust gases and have not been found in the atmosphere, and their possible role as precursors of the Cs-7 difiinctional acidic compounds is seriously challenged. Lower diolefins are emitted in automobile exhaust. Examination of vapor-pressure data indicates that the bulk of their expected photooxidation products remains in the gas phase, including most of the less volatile C3-4 dicarboxylic acids. 

Benzoic Acid. The industrial-scale oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid is carried out with cobalt catalysts.973,978,982 983 The process, a free-radical autoxidation, is significantly promoted by bromide ions.984 Under these conditions bromine atoms rather than alkylperoxy radicals serve as a regenerable source of chain-initiating free radicals. Substantial rate increase can be achieved by the addition of manga-nese(II) ions.984... 

During malaxation, when water is added to olive paste to wash it, tons of waste water (800.000 in Italy only) are produced from the oil industry and discarded. Water soluble compounds are then transfered from olives into waste waters and could be recovered. HPLC analysis of the waste water extract showed the presence of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, oleuropein, verbascoside and other oleuropein derivatives. The extract had powerful antioxidant activity and could represent a cheap source of natural antioxidants to be used to preserve food and cosmetics from fat oxidation and rancidity [51]. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES manufacture of benzoic acid, dyes, caprolac-tum, perfumes, benzaldehyde, artificial leather, saccharin, explosives, detergent, medicines paints resins lacquers plastic toys gums model airplanes... 

For the oxirane and thiirane derivatives, different types of disconnections are preferred (Scheme 5.26). The epoxide in TM 5.10 can be disconnected to alkene and a source of oxygen. In the synthetic direction, convenient epoxidation agents are peracids, in particular meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA). This reagent is produced on the industrial scale by chlorination and then oxidation of benzoic acid and, due to its selectivity and solubility in most organic solvents, is used for epoxidation of complex molecules even on the large scale [6]. 

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