Benzene 1,3-butadiene flame

That C H is indeed related to C4H is indicated by the present data as well as data from two other flames studied in the same experimental system at the same burner velocity and pressure, namely, a stoichiometric 1,3-butadiene flame (7) and a near-sooting benzene flame (10). In all three cases, the ratio of the peak concentration of C H to that of C4H4 is about 1 30 (e.g.. Figure 7), and the C H peak occurs about 1 mm (or about 0.3 ms) before that of C H. This behavior is indicative of an intermediate/product relationship between C H and C H. The kinetics of the relationship seems to vary little among these different flames. 

In this work the net formation rates of benzene, toluene, phenylacetylene, and styrene, and concentrations of possible precursors, were determined as a function of distance from the burner in the primary reaction zone of a low-pressure, near-sooting 1,3-butadiene-oxygen-4% argon flame. These rates are compared with estimated rates for several reaction mechanisms. 

The 1,3-butadienyl radical is primarily a by-product of butadiene pyrolysis in this system but results from vinyl addition to acetylene in flames of other aliphatic fuels. In aromatic flames 1,3-butadienyl may be produced by oxidative and pyrolytic decomposition of aromatic species, as suggested in a study of benzene flames (10) ... 

Polybutylcyanoacrylates [63], polyacrylics [64], polybutadiene [65], flame retardant PE [66], PS [67-70], PS - divinyl benzene copolymer [71], PS - acrylonitrile copolymer [72], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer [73, 74], styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer [75], polyvinyl-cyclohexane [76], polyphenylene triazine [77], poly-4-vinyl pyridine [78], polyethylene sulfide [79], PSF [80], brominated PES [81], tetrafluoroborate doped polythiophene [82], polysiloxane [56, 83], vinyl pyrrolidone-methacryloxy silicone copolymer [50], polyvinyl indene [84], poly-E-lactide [3, 85, 86], epoxy resins [87, 88], polyaryl ether ketone [89, 90], ethylene... 

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