Benign Imaging

The aim of process design is to create a process, which is profitable, economic, safe, environmentally benign and user friendly. This is achieved by the optimization of process alternatives according to economic and functional criteria. It is required that the safety of a process plant fulfills a certain required level. This is because of general legal requirements, company image, and also due to economic reasons, since an unsafe plant cannot be profitable due to losses of production and capital. 

P.D. Shreve, Y. Anzai, R.L. Wahl, Pitfalls in oncologic diagnosis with FDG PET imaging Physiologic and benign variants. Radiographics 19(1) (1999) 61-77. 

These various imaging techniques (s. tab. 8.1) - as well as some nuclear medicine-based methods (see chapter 9) - enable key features of benign and malignant tumours to be recognized, including (7.) vascularity, (2.) internal structure, (2.) hepatocyte functions, (4.) biliary tract, (5.) bile secretion, (d.) calcification, and (7.) Kupffer cell activity. 

Reliable differentiation between a benign and a malignant hepatic tumour is not possible using imaging procedures thus, an indication is given for US-guided or CT-controlled fine-needle biopsy, (s. tab. 36.3) (s. p. 135) However, FNB is diagnostically inferior to thick-needle... 

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