Exercise 2.1 Force exerted on a bend

A circular cylindrical pipe whose diameter is 50 cm goes through a 90° bend. If the water flow rate in the pipe is 1 m s , calculate the force applied by the flow onto the support (orientation and magnitude). The absolute pressure measured at the inlet of the bend is 2 bar and the air surrounding the pipe is assumed to be at a pressure of 1 bar. 

Carry out the numerical application and discuss the way in which the ambient atmospheric pressure should be taken into account. 

we analyze what can be learnt from the application of the Bernoulli s and momentum theorems when they are appUed to the emptying of a tank in which the water level is H. 

Establish Torricelli s formula, which gives the velocity of the fluid at its exit from the tank. For this question, it will be assumed that the pressure in the jet is the atmospheric pressure. 

Using the results from section 2.3, explain which effect allows the pressure (within the gravity field) to actually settle at the atmospheric pressure in the jet at the tank outlet. 

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