Beginnings opening sequence

Now MeO is added to begin the sequence that takes place under basic conditions. The MeO- opens the lactone to give a 2-bromoalkoxide, which closes to the epoxide, inverting the other center. 

The ring opening of epichlorohydrin with HCN begins a sequence that leads to carnitine (Yamagutchi, 1989). 

The sequence of events that result in neurotransmission of information from one nerve cell to another across the s)mapses begins with a wave of depolarization which passes down the axon and results in the opening of the voltage-sensitive calcium charmels in the axonal terminal. These charmels are frequently concentrated in areas which correspond to the active sites of neurotransmitter release. A large (up to 100 M) but brief rise in the calcium concentration within the nerve terminal triggers the movement of the synaptic vesicles, which contain the neurotransmitter, towards the synaptic membrane. By means of specific membrane-bound proteins (such as synaptobrevin from the neuronal membrane and synaptotagrin from the vesicular membrane) the vesicles fuse with the neuronal membrane and release their contents into the synaptic gap by a process of exocytosis. Once released of their contents, the vesicle membrane is reformed and recycled within the neuronal terminal. This process is completed once the vesicles have accumulated more neurotransmitter by means of an energy-dependent transporter on the vesicle membrane (Table 2.3). 

As we begin to appreciate that there is much information about drug targets that genomics cannot provide, the focus has shifted from genomics to proteomics. The shift in focus parallels the appreciation of the complexity of proteins, which exceeds the complexity of DNA sequences. While a DNA sequence may allow one to predict the amino-acid sequence of a protein—in cases where an open reading frame sequence (with a start and stop codon) is apparent—it can neither assure expression nor provide information about protein function. 

The sequence of events during the injection molding of a plastic part, as shown in Fig. 3.40, is called the injection molding cycle. The cycle begins when the mold closes, followed by the injection of the polymer into the mold cavity. Once the cavity is filled, a holding pressure is maintained to compensate for material shrinkage. In the next step, the screw turns, feeding the next shot to the front of the screw. This causes the screw to retract as the next shot is prepared. Once the part is sufficiently cool, the mold opens and the part is ejected. 

Figure M. Comparison of the primary sequence of the spinach leaf ADPGlc synthetase with the rice endosperm enzyme deduced amino acid sequence. The non-identities of amino acids between the two enzymes are enclosed in boxes. The start and beginning of the SL1 and SL5 clones are indicated with respect to open reading frame as well as the Hind III restriction nuclease region where the nucleotide sequence has not been determined.

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