Bath attendants

Cammann K, Hubner K. 1995. Trihalomethane concentrations in swimmers and bath attendants blood and urine after swimming or working in indoor swimming pools. Archives of Environmental Health... 

Swimming pool service personnel (except bath attendants) 90... 

Bath attendants can work in indoor or outdoor swimming facilities or, less frequently, at the seaside. Irritative and allergic occupational dermatitis can be induced by water disinfectants used in the pools, in the showers or on the pool edges or by sunscreens, swimming clothes or equipment. 

Catalysis by PhosphorousPentoxide (7) A 500-ml round-bottom flask is charged with a mixture of 1-ethynylcyclohexanol (40 g, 0.32 mole), 250 ml of dry benzene, and 10 g of phosphorous pentoxide. (The addition of the phosphorous pentoxide may be attended by considerable heating if the benzene is not well dried no particular disadvantage is found in this case, providing provision for initial cooling is made.) A condenser is attached to the flask, and the contents are refluxed gently (steam bath) for 2 hours. The cooled solution is then decanted from the phosphorous pentoxide, washed once with bicarbonate solution, and dried (anhydrous sodium sulfate). Removal of the benzene (rotary evaporator) and fractionation of the residue affords the desired product, bp 85-88°/22 mm, 1.4892, about 25 g (61 %). 

Finally, at this meeting, the volunteers should be instructed on when and where to go to the test site or field laboratory in order to start the study and should be reminded to bathe or shower on the morning of the test prior to attending the test site. 

Thirty grams of sodium. pentacyanonitrosylferrate (II) 2-hydrate (No. 74) are covered with 120ml of ice-cold water in a 250ml suction flask with a gas-inlet tube and a thermometer. The flask is cooled in an ice-salt bath while a steady stream of ammonia (3 bubbles/sec) is led in under the hood. Csre must be taken that the temperature does not rise above 20°C during this time because decomposition would occur the optimum range is 8-12°C. When no more gas is absorbed at this temperature, (indicated when the level of the liquid fails to rise in the inlet tube as the current of gas is interrupted), the dark yellow-brown solution is allowed to stand at 0°C for about 2 days. The amber-colored crystalline product separates with attendant evolution of gas,... 

The last-mentioned alloy, which is the eutectic mixture of lead and tin, is very convenient for many operations (see p. 210). When used in a pot of the type shown in Pig. 53 oxidation of the metal—a drawback attending the use of metal baths—is largely overcome. 

Oxalyl-acetic ester (20 gms.) is mixed with mono-bromacetic ester (17 gms.) in a flask of 300 c.c, capacity, fitted with an air-condenser. Enough zinc turnings to cover the end of a spatula are added and the mixture becomes brown, while the temperature quickly reaches 50° and the zinc dissolves. Addition of a second portion of zinc is attended by boiling and the reaction is moderated by cooling the metal is added in excess, and the mixture is then heated on the water-bath for a short time. After cooling, the mixture is treated with cold dilute sulphuric acid and ether, well shaken to get a clear solution, and the ethereal layer removed, washed with dilute sodium carbonate and dried over calcium chloride. The ether is next distilled and the remaining oil fractionated under reduced pressure most of it passes over below 200° at 35 mm. That portion taken as citric ester (b.p, 212°—216°) is hydrolysed... 

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