Basis Components of a Solution

ground water is a product of a complex interaction between atoms and molecules, which to a different extent are tied between themselves. Thermodynamics subdivides any system into components. However, the content of this term is to a substantial extent tentative and depends on the nature of studied objects and tasks to be solved. One must remember that the components, as wrote Anderson (2005) are only building blocks , which form the overall system composition. 

If a system includes several media, the universal blocks are selected, which are good for construction in any medium - in solution, in rock and in natmal gas. Then components may have a tentative nature and not represent real compoimds in compared media. For instance, in such cases may be used as components of water such formations as NaCl, SiO, Al Oj, etc., which are not present in the solution. Such tentative formal components are commonly used when media of different aggregate state are compared (soHd, Uquid or gaseous), and they are called components of the system or traditional components (Physical chemistry, 2001 Anderson, 2005). 

The selection of components in the composition of water solution is associated with the need to take into account chemical reactions among them. In this connection its composition is characterized by chemical species, which are atoms, ions, molecules or their fragments and are capable of participation in chemical reactions between themselves. All plmality of components in the solutions is conveniently divided into two groups independent (basis) and dependent (secondary). 

Independent or basis components basis species) of water solutions are the minimum number of mutually independent components, which do not change their elemental and stoichiometric composition during the course of reactions but are capable of forming any phase and any chemical component of the system. Basis components can be individual atoms (He, Ar, etc.), compounds with covalent bond (CH, N, O, etc.) and dissociated ions (C1-, SO/-, COj -, COOH, etc.). 

Dependent or secondary components secondary, auxiliary species) are numerous combinations of basis components, ion pairs (CaHCO, NaCOj , etc.) and complex formations (PbCl , AlF/ , Fe OH, etc.). In this case salts and minerals, which can exist outside of solution, also may be considered as secondary as they are products of reactions between basis components. 

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