Basicity of carbons

Amber consists basically of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with traces of other elements. Baltic amber contains a much hi er percentage of sucdnic add than any other amber and is therefore sometimes named sucdnite. (To some purists, only succinite is real amber. Other ambers, which contain no sucdnic add, are then called retinites .)... 

Much earlier, Garten and Weiss [57, 60] attributed the basicity of carbons to the formation of chromene-type structures ... 

Obviously, the cause of the surface basicity of carbons is still not satisfactorily understood. Most likely, basicity of oxygen-containing surface functions such as pyrones exists in addition to the it basicity of basal faces [37, 67]. 

The effects of impregnation of activated carbons with potassium hydroxide on the efficiency of NO removal was studied by Lee and coworkers [106, 107]. They found that KOH creates the selective adsorption sites (increases basicity of carbons by the presence of OH ) for NO, adsorption. As a result of the surface reaction, KNO2 and KNO3 are formed. Formation of salt crystals blocks the porosity of the materials and diminishes the NO, removal capacity. It was proposed that the surface basic OH ions delay oxidation of KNO2 to KNO3 and thus result in an increase in the surface adsorptivity. 

Otani, S. Sanada, Y., In Basics of Carbonization Engineering (Japanese) Ohmsha Tokyo, 1980, Chapters 2, 3. 

In accordance with the definition of the acid/base character of sulfate melts, the basicity of carbonate melts is also defined by Eq. (19) ... 

News inks n. Printing inks designed to run on newsprint, consisting basically of carbon black or colored pigments dispersed in mineral oil vehicles, which dry by absorption. Recent developments utilize emulsion, oxidation, and heat set systems. 

Stepped TPD, electrophoresis, and mass titration. The basicity of carbon surfaces was maximized by inert gas heat treatments in the range 1023 to 1123 K. 

This concept has been used to characterize the acidity and basicity of carbon fiber surfaces [162]. It is useful to recall that, according to Fowkes [163,164], the total work of adhesion, Wsl, is dependent on the pH of an aqueous solution, according to its two components ... 

Basicity of carbon surfaces can also be introduced by nitriding, that is, reacting the carbon with anhydrous ammonia at elevated temperatures (Radovic et al., 1996). Unlike oxygen, only very small amounts of nitrogen can be incorporated as functionalities, which, however, can yield basicity on the surface. 

Tamon (2001) summarizes the basics of carbon aerogel formation and properties. Although these carbon aerogels are dominantly mesoporous, significant microporosity can be... 

---