Cognitive abilities basic

Reflects a fundamental aspect of waking neurocognitive functions Measures the ability to use attention or working memory over time Capitalizes on brain structures subserving basic cognitive functions... 

Planning errors arise from the basic human cognitive ability to solve problems. Human error in one situation is human ingenuity in another. Human problem solving rests on several unique human capabilities, one of which is the ability to create hypotheses and to test them and thus create new solutions to problems not previously considered. These hypotheses, however, may be wrong. Rasmussen has suggested that human error is often simply unsuccessful experiments in an unkind environment, where an unkind environment is defined as one in which it is not possible for the human to correct the effects of inappropriate variations in performance... 

Pain is a basic sensory, emotional, and cognitive phenomenon that signals some type of harm to the organism. It is practically universal to human experience, and although it is initially adaptive, it frequently outlives its usefulness and impedes one s ability to function. Accordingly, plants that alleviate pain have become essential to human civilization. 

Support for the evaluation of the non-technical make up of a candidate is very commonly sought by carrying out some form of psychometric tests on the candidates. Psychometric tests are designed to assess either ability (cognitive tests) or personality characteristics and there are three basic types ones to assess a specific ability, e.g. numeracy, verbal and spatial perception ones to test general mental ability, e.g. an-... 

The ability to use these problem-solving methods provides the advantages of human controllers over automated controllers, but success is not assured. Designers, if they understand the limitations of human problem solving, can provide assistance in the design to avoid common pitfalls and enhance human problem solving. For example, they may provide ways for operators to obtain extra information or to test hypotheses safely. At the same time, there are some additional basic human cognitive characteristics that must be considered. 

In order to model the brain and its complex abilities, it is quite adequate to distinguish the following categories. In neuronal-level models, studies are concentrated on the dynamic and adaptive properties of each nerve cell or neuron, in order to describe the neuron as a unit. In network-level models, identical neurons are interconnected to exhibit emergent system functions. In nervous-system-level models, several networks are combined to demonstrate more complex functions of sensory perception, motor functions, stability control, etc. In mental-operation-level models, the basic processes of cognition, thinking, problem-solving, etc. are described. 

---