Basalt flakes

The most secure corrosion-resistant protection of the metal is observed with use of basalt flakes. These flakes of 2 mm length and 1—2 mm diameter are laid parallel to the metal siuface with the application of the coating and form a durable corrosion-preventive barrier of cold ceramics type. There are 200—300 flake layers in a typical coating layer. 

The results of the electron microscopy examinations confirm that the elemental distribution in ordinary basalt flake is characterized by uniform distribution of elements in the field and through the cross-section of a flake. The uniformity of distribution of Si, Fe, and Ca is confirmed by the characteristic Si Ka, Fe Ka, and Ca Ka radiation as well as by qualitative analysis by scanning a probe across the plate and by quantitative analysis in local areas of a specimen at various distances from the flake edge. 

EPR spectroscopy of the specimens is indicative of the activity of the basalt flakes. For ordinary basalt flakes we observed a slightly anisotropic EPR spectrum that consists of two intense absorption lines in the region Hi = and ii 2 = and a series of weaker lines. The character of the spectrum shows the presence of short-range order in the specimen structure. Analysis of the specimen composition and EPR characteristics (factor value, linewidth) enables us to assume that the EPR spectrum is determined by Fe ions in two different positions with concentrations iVi = 3 x 10 spin and iV2 = 1 x 10 spin. These can be the positions with different local symmetry—rhombic and axial [419]. Absorption in small fields H = lAK ) can be... 

Starting from a thickness of 0.3 x 10 m, the properties of the boundary layer of the polymer approach the voliunetric values. The data enable determination of specific changes of the retention voliune Vg with change in the film thickness. For the polymer located on the surfactant-treated basalt surface we observe a neghgible change of Vg with variation of the film thickness. When the imtreated basalt flakes with a film thickness of 0.03 x 10 m are used, we observe a sharp increase of Vg that can be explained by the decrease of structme density. Figure 9.2 presents the dependence of the thermodynamic interaction parameter of polymer solvent Xi,2 the film thickness. As is... 

In the Tertiary, basaltic dykes intruded the evaporite. Small flakes of newly formed clay minerals cover the basalt surface at the contact with the evaporite. In the underground mines, the basalt is exposed as subvertical dykes, which can be followed horizontally over several kilometres. All basalt-salt contacts discussed here are located in underground mines in the two potash salt horizons mentioned above. 

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