Barium-cadmium synergism

Barium/cadmium (Ba/Cd) and barium/cadmium/zinc (Ba/Cd/Zn) based stabilisers are general purpose stabilisers for plasticised PVC. Large quantities are consumed in leathercloth, calendered sheeting, extrusions, injection moulded footwear and flooring. They are not suitable for cable extrusion due to their inferior electrical properties. They exhibit synergism with phosphite chelators such as tris nonyl phenyl phosphite, and are often used with 3-5 phr of epoxidised vegetable oils as co-stabilisers. 

Cadmium-Barium Synergism. The data in Table VII show that cadmium 2-ethylhexanoate by itself does not provide a high degree of... 

The data cited in the survey [93], where the synergic action of hydrogen chloride acceptors — salts of barium and cadmium, calcium and zinc - is noted, as well as the data of [71, 73], which characterize the synergic action of mixtures of the stearates of lead, barium, calcium, cadmium, and zinc, can be cited as examples of mixtures of monotypic stabilizers. 

In addition to the three basic types of epoxide types enumerated, the literature contains data on the use of certain other substances containing epoxide rings in the molecules to stabilize polyvinyl chloride. Salts of lead, barium, calcium, cadmium, and aliphatic epoxy acids, with 11-22 carbon atoms in the chain, have been described. It has been shown that in contrast to salts of nonepoxided aliphatic acids, salts of epoxy acids give no synergic effect when they are used together [71]. 

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