Balance, loss

Most information on ammonia losses is coming from fertilizer experiments. In calculating N-balances, losses of N can be considered as caused by volatilization of ammonia or by denitrification. 

However, even if such measurements were possible, would the uncertainty of the result be small enough to establish that production does indeed balance observed loss of ozone The calculation of ozone loss in the Antarctic ozone hole was shown to have an uncertainty of 35 to 50%. The uncertainty for analyzing whether production balances loss in the midlatitude stratosphere is similarly 35 to 50%. About half of the uncertainty is in the measurements of stratospheric abundances, which are typically 5 to 35%, and half is in the kinetic rate constants, which are typically 10 to 20% for the rate constants near room temperature but are even larger for rate constants with temperature dependencies that must be extrapolated for stratospheric conditions below the range of laboratory measurements. In addition to uncertainties in the photochemical rate constants, there are those associated with possible missing chemistry, such as excited-state chemistry, and the effects of transport processes that operate on the same time scales as the photochemistry. Thus, simultaneous measurements, even with relatively large uncertainties, can be useful tests of our basic understanding but perhaps not of the details of photochemical processes. 

If DMS concentrations at the surface of the ocean are presumed to be at steady state, production must balance loss. The fate of DMS is thought to be evasion across the sea surface into the marine atmospheric boundary layer. However, since rates of DMS production are unknown, it is impossible to compare production with flux to the atmosphere, which is relatively well constrained. An alternative sink for DMS in seawater is microbial consumption. The ability of bacteria to metabolize DMS in anaerobic environments is well documented (32-341. Data for aerobic metabolism of DMS are fewer (there are at present none for marine bacteria), but Sivela and Sundman (25) and de Bont et al. (25) have described non-marine aerobic bacteria which utilize DMS as their sole source of carbon. It is likely that bacterial turnover of DMS plays a major role in the DMS cycle in seawater. 

In the case of the GRG coupled system, both the IFS and the CTM simulate atmospheric transport processes. Different advection schemes or spatial and temporal resolutions may lead to different concentration fields in the IFS and the CTM. Thus, the applied CTM tendencies can be inconsistent with the concentration fields in the IFS. The most annoying consequence would be negative concentration values in the IFS, due to un-balanced loss processes. 

Fluorination yield decreased in the sequence Ce >Ag >Fe >Cu . However, the yield to HFCs was veiy low for all commercial compounds (<5%). Once again, this was due to the consecutive polymerisation of fluorinated compounds, which resulted in a high value of the C balance loss. 

Bohr spoke from the heart, says Oliphant, recalling the debt which science owed so great a man whom he was privileged to call both his master and his friend. For Oliphant it was one of the most moving experiences of my life. Remembering Rutherford in a letter to Oppenheimer on December 20 Bohr balanced loss with hope, complementarily Life is poorer... 

Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g loss of balance, loss of awareness)... 

Trickle Charge A charge at a low rate, balancing losses through a local action and/or periodic discharge, to maintain a battery in a fully charged condition. 

Carbohydrate conversion into new industrial intermediates and end-products like propanediol, methane or syngas needs either net energy input ( reduction equivalents ) or decarboxylation, which results in a significant and costly yield loss and lowers the CO2 fixation net gain. This balance loss is also a conceptual draw-back of present fuel ethanol fermentation from sucrose and starch hydrolysates. So far, the only bulk intermediates with no or minimal... 

Essential Fatty Acids. The higher unsaturated fatty acids are indispensable for the rat. Deprivation of these fatty acids results in loss of hair, disturbances of fluid balance, loss of reproductive faculty, and ultimately in death. Similar deficiency symptoms have not been observed in man, because the amounts required are so small (in the rat only 20 mg linoleic acid per day) and an absolutely fat-free diet is practically unknown. It is established, however, that man cannot synthesize the higher unsaturated fatty acids either. They should be particulary important in the nutrition of infants the adult organism has large reserves to draw on. 

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