Baker formula

Stone performed a histological study of the depth of penetration of various phenol formulas the Gordon-Baker formula at 48.5% phenol, the Verner-Dickinson formula at 67% and liquid phenol at 88%. The results, in keeping with the principles set out above, show that Baker s formula penetrates twice as deeply as Verner s and four times as deeply as liquid phenol at 88%. Although phenol is absorbed rapidly by skin tissue, only a part of it will gradually reach the innermost regions, as the skin proteins flocculate almost immediately, and this creates a physical catchment area for the phenol as well as a natural dam that stops it penetrating the deeper layers too quickly. 

The Baker formula was used most often by physicians doing chemical peeling beginning in the 1960s [285]. It consists of ... 

W. J. SUis esseT,AEine-Formula Chemical Notation, Thomas Y. CroweU Co., New York, 1954. E. G. Smith and P. A. Baker, The Wiswesser Eine-Formula Chemical Notation (lELiV), 3rd ed.. Chemical Information Management, Inc. (CIMI), Cherry Hill, N.J., 1975. 

S. A. Matz, Formulas and Processes for Bakers, Pan-Tech International, Inc., McAllen, Tex., 1987. 

Baker and Smith have isolated from the essential oil of the leaves of Phyllodadus Rhomboidalis a diterpene, which they have named phyllocladene It has the formula C2UH32, and melts at 95°. It is dextro-rotatory, its specific rotation being -t- 16-06°. 

Baker and Smith have isolated an alcohol of the formula C,oH,gO from the cajuput oil, distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca uncinata. The alcohol, which is probably an open-chain compound, forms snow-white crystals, melting at 72 5°, and having a specific rotation + Sfi fifi . 

Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, isolated from several species of eucalyptus oil by Baker and Smith, who regarded it as an oxide of the formula C gO. Semmler and Tobias have, however, shown that it is a tricyclic, unsaturated alcohol. It has the following characters —... 

This aldehyde has been isolated from various Eucalyptus oils by Baker and Smith. It has a pleasant odour resembling that of cumic aldehyde, with which Schimmel Co. have considered it to be identical. This, however, is improbable, and Baker and Smith consider it to have the formula CjHjjO, which would make it to be a lower homologue of the terpenic aldehydes. Its physical characters, however, are somewhat doubtful, as specimens isolated from the oils of Eucalyptus hemiphloia and Eucalyptus salubris show. These are as follows —... 

Baker and Smith have isolated an aldehyde from the oils of Eucalyptus hemiphloia and Eucalyptus bractata, of the formula C,oH,gO, which they have named cryptal. Two specimens prepared from the former oil had the following characters —... 

Baker and Smith in their Research on the Eucalypts state, however, that correctly speaking no general formula can be given, as commercial phosphoric acid has not always the same concentration. They found that the mean cineol content in the perfectly dry powdery compound was 59 47 per cent. The theoretical mean for the cineol from the H3PO4 found was 59 56 per cent., thus being in very fair agreement. The results showed that 59 5 was approximately the amount of cineol in 100 parts of cineol-phosphate, and not 61 1 per cent, as was previously supposed. 

All the modern phenol formulas are based on and modified from a few lay peelers formulations. Names such as Grade, Coopersmith, Kel-sen, and Maschek are the origins of Baker-Gordon s, Brown s, Hetter s, Stone s, Litton s, Ex-... 

This blast effect is due to air movement as the blast wave propagates through the atmosphere. The velocity of the air particles, and hence the wind pressure, depends on the peak overpressure of the blast wave. Baker 1983 and Hvf 5-/300 provide data to compute this blast effect for shock waves. In the low overpressure range with normal atmospheric conditions, the peak dynamic pressure can be calculated using the following empirical formula from Afewmark I956 ... 

Smith, E. Baker, P. The Wiswesser Line-Formula Chemical Notation (WLN)" 3rd Ed., CIMI, New Jersey, 1975. 

The urethane reaction is particularly useful for solid propellant applications because of its quantitative nature, convenient rate which can be adjusted by proper choice of catalysts, and the availability of many suitable hydroxyl compounds which permit the tailoring of propellant mechanical properties. Despite the quantitative nature and apparent simplicity of the urethane reaction R NCO + ROH - R NHCOOR, its exact course has not been fully explored yet. It does not follow simple second-order kinetics as the above formula would suggest since its second-order rate constant depends on many factors, such as concentration of reactants and the nature of the solvent. Baker and co-workers (2) proposed that the reaction is initiated through the attack of an alkoxide ion on the carbon atom of the isocyanate group... 

The formula (58) for di-m-xylylene was established by Baker et al. (1951) and confirmed by Brown s X-ray study. The linkage of the benzene rings by the (CH2)2 groups at the meta positions produces a ten-membered ring with the benzene rings located step-wise to permit adequate clearance at the central carbon atoms (Fig. 7). The molecule... 

Smith EG, Baker PA (1975) The Wisswesser line-formula chemical notation (WLN), Chemical Information Management Inc., Cherry Hill, New Jersey Vollmer J (1983) J Chem Ed 60 192... 

E.G. Smith and P.A. Baker, The Wiswesser Line — Formula Chemical Notation, CIMI, Cherry Hill, NJ, 3rd edn., 1975. 

The best known mesoionic compounds have five-membered rings, and initially it was advocated by Baker, Ollis, Ramsden and other authors that only five-membered heterocycles which cannot be satisfactorily represented by any one covalent or ionic structure possessing a sextet of TT-electrons in association with the five atoms comprising the ring may be called "mesoionic". Here, following Katritzky, mesoionic means a mesomeric betaine. The first such compounds to be discovered were sydnones, followed by miinchnones and then by diazolones. In all these compounds the Z-type atom is part of a carbonyl group, and two Y-type atom chains separate two odd-numbered chains of X- and Z-atom chains. Only the main resonance structures are displayed in formulas (Figure 11). 

The Campell-Baker-Hausdorff commutator formula tells us that the quantity... 

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