Bacterioids

Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable derivative of rifamycin, has shown promising bactericidal action against both aerobes and anaerobes, such as bacterioides, lactobacilli and clostridia [33, 34], The development of resistance to this antibiotic can occur, but resistant strains rapidly disappear from the intestine thus allowing cyclic administration of rifaximin. Controlled clinical trials showed efficacy of rifaximin in adult and pediatric patients with infectious diarrhea [36,37], hepatic encephalopathy [38], post-surgical complications [39] and colonic diverticulosis [40], Only recently was the efficacy of rifaximin in the treatment of SIBO demonstrated [41-43]. 

Intra-abdominal infections Complicated appendicitis and peritonitis caused by viridans group streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacterioides fragilis, Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron, and Peptostreptococcus sp. 

Brown DM, Upcroft JA, Dodd HN, Chen N, Upcroft P (1999) Alternative 2-keto acid oxidoreductase activities in Trichomonas vaginalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 98 203-214 Carlier JP, Sellier N, Rager MN, Reysset G (1997) Metabolism of a 5-nitroimidazole in susceptible and resistant isogenic strain of Bacterioides fragilis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1495-1499... 

Ellis JE, Yarlett N, Cole D, Humphreys MJ, Lloyd D (1994) Antioxidant defenses in the microaerophilic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis—comparison of metronidazole-resistant and sensitive strains. Microbiol-SGM 140 2489-2494 Haggoud A, Reysset G, Azeddoug H, Sebald M (1994) Nucleotide sequence analysis of two 5-nitroimidazole resistance determinants from Bacterioides strains and of a new insertion sequence upstream of the two genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38 1047-1051... 

Guzman, C. A., Plate, M., and Pruzzo, C., 1990, Role of neuraminidase-dependent adherence in Bacterioides fragilis attachment to human epithelial cells, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 59 187-192. 

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