Bactericidal activity, Salmonella

Friedman, M., Henika, P.R. and Mandrell, R.E. (2002) Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica. Journal of Food Protection 65(1 0), 1 545-1 560. 

Tamblyn, K.C. and Conner, D.E. 1997. Bactericidal activity of organic acids in combination with transdermal compounds against Salmonella typhimurium attached to broiler skin. Food Microbiology 14 477-484. 

The antibaeterial aetivily of nalidixic acid can be attenuated by sub-inhibitory concentrations of nitrofurantoin. In 44 out of 53 strains of Escherichia coli. Salmonella and Proteus, antagonism was shown. Another study confirmed these findings. Whether this similarly occurs if both antibacterials are given to patients is uncertain, but the advice that concurrent use should be avoided when treating urinary tract infections seems sound. Active division of bacteria is required for the bactericidal activity of quinolones sttch as nalidixic acid, and the presence of a bacte-... 

Aqueous extracts of the heartwood of Haematoxylon braziletto and H. campechianum were shown to possess antibacterial activity (59). They are bactericidal for Salmonella typhosa and Micrococcus pyrogenes var. aureus and bacteriostatic for Escherichia coli. The active principle has not been identified unequivocally. However it has been suggested that the antibacterial activity is due to brazilin (21) or its oxidation product brazilein (104) which is the actual pigment. Neither the unpigmented sapwood nor the bark of the plant contain the active compound. The comparable hematoxylin derivatives are somewhat less active. 

The quantity of capsular polysaccharide is apparently of importance in a variety of pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae. Salmonella typhi, 5. typhi-murium, E. coli. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus have all been reported to show a relationship between the amount of capsular material and virulence, resistance to phagocytosis, or resistance to humoral host defences. It has been suggested in the case of E. coli that the amount of K-antigen, as measured by its ability to coat red blood cells and inhibit their aggregation by haemagglutinating antiserum, is the most important factor determining resistance to the complement-mediated bactericidal activity of serum. Other studies have found evidence that the type of capsular polysaccharide may be more important. 

The fluoroquinolones are bactericidal and considerably more potent against E. coli and various species of Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Campylobacter, and Neisseria. Ciprofloxacin also has good activity against staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains. 

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