Bacterial CYPs

Antifungal C. albicans 505 M. smegmatis 700084 M. smegmatis 13116 M. fortuitum 01/2341 M. chelonei L3 r6680 M. bovis BCG M. tuberculosis 1 M. tuberculosis 2 

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The microbial CYP systems were studied at the same time, with yeast CYP being reported by Lindenmeyer and Smith (1964) and bacterial CYP by Appleby (1967) The systems were viewed as models and this was true especially for a CYP from P. putida called P450c, (CYPlOl) that allowed this bacterium to grow on camphor as a carbon source ". In pioneering work from the... 

The nomenclature for CYPs is based on eunino acid identity with 40% identity and above needed to place CYPs in the same family and more than 55% to place them in the same subfamily. These rules can be relaxed, as is the case for CYPS Is that can fall below 40% identity, if the CYPs undertake the same function. For microbial eukaryotes, the family numbers 51-69 and 501-699 are available and at the time of writing, numbers up to CYP553 are listed, but each genome reveals many more and many are not yet assigned. Bacterial CYP family numbers are initiated at CYPlOl and a similar expanding scenario can be envisaged with more and more genomes. 

CYPs have a role in bacteria to enable growth on carbon sources in the environment, such as on camphor by P. putida containing CYPlOl, or to undertake secondary metabolism as part of the biochemical warfare between organisms. Many CYPs are found in the pathways synthesizing important therapeutic compounds and this is discussed later in this chapter. The number of vital endogenous steps that have evolved for bacterial CYP function is still very small for instance, Biol in Bacillus subtilis is needed to produce biotin by a pathway distinct from other bacteria. Some CYPs, among the numerous forms uncovered, must be anticipated to be involved in key areas of endogenous metabolism especially in the... 

Other bacterial CYPs also undertake the breakdown of carbon sources for microbial growth. For instance, CYP 108A1 (P450 gjjp) metabolizes ter-pineol , and CYPl 76A1 (P450 j J can metabolize cineol, while others can metabolize pollutants such as thiocarbamate herbicides and atrazine, as illustrated by CYPl 16 from a Rhodococcus sp. °. The CYP 105 family of streptomycetes especially is associated with a wide variety of xenobiotic... 

Nitro Reduction. Aromatic amines are susceptible to reduction by both bacterial and mammalian nitroreductase systems. Convincing evidence has been presented that this reaction sequence is catalyzed by CYP. It is inhibited by oxygen, although NADPH is still consumed. Earlier workers had suggested a flavoprotein reductase was involved, and it is not clear if this is incorrect or if both mechanisms occur. It is true, however, that high concentration of FAD or FMN will catalyze the nonenzymatic reduction of nitro groups. 

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