Bacterial cellulose biocompatibility

Similar to bacterial cellulose, NCC is biocompatible, stable, chemically inactive, and physiologically inert [58]. Moreover, NEC s nanoscale size allows for easy dispersion and its superior strength can provide effective reinforcement to a low strength matrix such as fibrin. These characteristics make NCC a promising nanobiomaterial for SDRVG application. 

Torres, F.G., Grande, C.J., Troncoso, O.P., Gomez, C.M., Lopez, D. Bacterial cellulose nanocomposites for biomedical applications In Kumar, S.A., Thiagarajan, S., Wang, F. (eds.) Biocompatible Nanomaterials Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Analytical Chemistry. Nova Science Publishers, USA (2010)... 

Torres, F.G., Commeaux, S., Troncoso, O.P., 2012. Biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose based biomaterials. J. Fund. Biomater. 3, 864—878. 

Bacterial cellulose, Glucanacetobacter xylinus. Biosynthesis, Structure, Properties, Applications, Biocompatibility, Biomaterial, DNA separation, Biodegradahifity... 

The properties of PVA-C summarized and reviewed thus far demonstrate many of the desirable properties that make it the material of choice for a broad range of biomedical applications. Using the fi eeze-thaw cycling procedure, PVA-C can be prepared with both tunable mechanical properties and diffusion properties. With the addition of biocompatible nanofillers such as bacterial cellulose and chitosan, the range of these properties can be further broadened. The diffusion properties and some applications of PVA-C for controlled release and delivery have already been covered (see Sect. 3.2). The focus of this section will be on the use of PVA-C as a material for medical devices. 

Figure 10.4 The never-dried bacterial cellulose membrane is a non-pyrogenic and fuUy biocompatible biomaterial with high mechanical strength.

Zhijiang et al. reported an improvement in the mechanical properties of a PHB nanocomposite made of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils that was prepared by the solution casting method. In addition, they found that the nanocomposite showed better biocompatibility and mechanical properties than pure PHB based on cell-adhesion analysis using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells and stress strain tests, respectively. In comparison to pure PHB, the nanocomposite of PHB/bacterial cellulose was observed to exhibit about a 202% increase in tensile stress and a 2.2-fold increase in elongation to break, respectively (Figure 5.3). ... 

Although bacterial cellulose alone shows a good biocompatibility, hybrids, such as the polyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose listed in Table 5.2, might not be biodegradable per se, and need to be tested. However, the formation of hybrids is an essential requirement for being able to exploit the whole scope of possibilities connected to a drug delivery approach via vesicles. Formation of hybrids allows for the easier construction of... 

The chitosan-modified bacterial cellulose, characterised by unique properties, i.e. bioactivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, no toxicity and non-allergic action, coimected with good mechanical tenacity, has been found to be a great material for biomedical applications such as dressings for wound healing. ... 

Z. Cai, and J. Kim, Bacterial cellulose/poly (ethylene glycol) composite Characterization and first evaluation of biocompatibility. Cellulose 17,83-91 (2010). 

Differing from wood pulp cellulose, cellulose produced by acetic acid bacteria is devoid of contaminating polysaccharides such as hemicellulose and lignocellulose. The isolation and purificadmi of bacterial cellulose are therefore relatively simple processes. Because of its high purity, hydrophiUcity, structure-forming potential, chirahty, and biocompatibility, bacterial cellulose offers many possible applications in medical use. 

The first exploratory investigation on the use of bacterial cellulose as a liquid-loaded pad for wound care was performed by Johnson and Johnson in the early 1980s. Bacterial cellulose composites blended with chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and gelatin were tested for potential biomedical applications, and the products look like a foam in structure. Cell adhesion studies showed that these composite products have a greater biocompatibility than pure bacterial cellulose. 

Kim, J., Cai, Z., Chen, Y., 2010. Biocompatible bacterial cellulose composites for biomedical application. Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine 1 (1) 011006. 

It is found that bacterial cellulose has high crystallinity, high water absorption capacity, and mechanical strength in the wet state, ultrafine network architecture, and moldability in situ [24]. In addition, bacterial cellulose is biocompatible and biodegradable, thus holding great potential for biomedical applications [26]. 

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