Bacteria with stalks

Bacteria with stalks. Caulobacter crescentis spreads to new areas while retaining a presence at home. As is illustrated in Fig. 32-1, asymmetric division produces two distinctly different cells. One, like... 

Gallionella sp. Aerobic bacteria with filamentous stalk. Organisms are found in water containing soluble iron, oxidizing ferrous hydroxide to ferric hydroxide and depositing it in their stalks. Also oxidizes manganese. 

Metal depositors. Metal-depositing bacteria oxidize ferrous iron (Fe ) to ferric iron (Fe ). Ferric hydroxide is the result. Some bacteria oxidize manganese and other metals. Gallionella bacteria, in particular, have been associated with the accumulation of iron oxides in tubercles. In fact, up to 90% of the dry weight of the cell mass can be iron hydroxide. These bacteria appear filamentous. The oxide accumulates along very fine tails or excretion stalks generated by these organisms. 

ATPases are intimately involved with energy transduction in biological membranes. They catalyse the synthesis of ATP in the final stage of oxidative phosphorylation. Alternatively, they can utilize ATP to drive the translocation of Na and K [203]. In bacteria, ATPases are also found in association with the cell membrane, and in some cases appear as stalked particles attached to the membrane [16]. They are probably also involved in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic organisms [204,205] and in ion transport [123]. 

A model of the ATP synthase, the effector of the chemiosmotic mechanism. A potential and a hydrogen ion gradient is created across the inner membrane of mitochondria, bacteria, and chloroplasts by redox reactions. The energy of this proton motive force is translated into ATP synthesis by rotation of the cluster of c subunits of the F , and this rotation is transmitted via the y stalk to the a-B trimers of the F, complex. The catalytic complex contains three a-6 trimers that rotate with transmission of hydronium ions inward through the c subunit complex of the Fo sector. The two b subunits tether the a-6 trimers via the 6 subunit, and the a subunit is fixed, allowing rotation of the c complex, thus rotating the y stalk. 

---