Bacteria, lactic acid genomic

Klaenhammer, T., Richardson, P., Kozyavkin, S., Weimer, B., and Mills, D. 2006. Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103, 15611-15616. 

Acid-tolerant lactic acid bacteria would solve this latter problem and have indeed been obtained from screening [44] and via whole genome shuffling [45]. Alternatively, a lactate dehydrogenase gene could be inserted in a yeast, such as S. cerevisiae. These grow well at low pH and efficiently channel carbon into the glycolysis pathway under anaerobic conditions [46, 47]. Such constructs were indeed found to produce up to 55 g L-1 of lactic acid at pH 3.6 [46]. 

Genome sequence enables their engineering to produce better-tasting and safer foods such as Cheddar cheese and cabernet sauvignon Lactic acid bacteria [3]... 

Production of femiented foods, probiotics (microbial dietary supplements). Genomic analysis should yield functional information to enable the design of lactic acid bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) better suited to indusdial processes or tailored to provide nuditional benefit. 

Liu, M., Nauta, A., Francke, C., Siezen, R. J. (2008). Comparative genomics of enzymes in flavor-forming pathways from amino acids in lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74,4590-4600. 

Makarova, K., Slesarev, A., Wolf, Y., Sorokin, A., Mirkin, B., Koonin, E., et al. (2006). Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of... 

Pastink, M. L, Teusink, B., Hols, R, Visser, S., De Vos, W. M., Hugenholtz, J. (2009). Genome-scale model of Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311 for metabolic comparison of lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75, 3627-3633. 

Teramoto K, Sato H, Sun L, Torimura M, Tao H. A simple intact protein analysis by MALDI-MS for characterization of ribosomal proteins of two genome-sequenced lactic acid bacteria and verification of their amino acid sequences. J Proteome Res. 2007 6(10) 3899-907. doi 10.1021/pr0702181. 

Before analysis, the entire genomic DNA of bacteria must be separated from the lipids, glucides and proteins constituting the ceU. The extraction protocols for lactic acid bacteria include all of the stages of cell lysis, deproteinization and DNA precipitation. There are slight differences between the protocols (Lonvaud-Funel et al., 1989). Lysis of Gram-positive cells is obtained by the action of lysozyme. The peptidoglycans are hydrolyzed... 

Klaenhammer, T. R., Barrangou, R, Buck, B. L., Azcarate-Peril, M. A. Altermann, E. (2005). Genomic features of lactic acid bacteria effecting bioprocessing and health. 

Klaenhammer, T., Altermann, E., Arigoni, F. etal (2002) Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 82,29 58. 

Liu, M., Bayjanov, J.R., Renckens, B., et al. (2010) The proteolytic system of lactic acid bacteria revisited a genomic comparison. BMC Genomics 11, 36. 

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