Bacteria growth inhibitors

Nakamura, S. and T. Shiro Studies on growth inhibition of hiochi bacteria, specific saprophytes of sake, V. Muta-aspergillic acid as a new growth inhibitor of hiochi bacteria. Agr. Biol. Chem. (Tokyo) 25, 573 (1961). 

Of key importance, as noted earlier, plaque is likely to be a zone relatively free of crystal growth inhibitors. This is because of the presence of numerous enzymes able to break down both salivary pyrophosphate and salivary proteins. Watanabe et al. [123] observed a significant correlation between supra-gingival calculus scores and protein activity in saliva. They demonstrated that the protease originated in plaque bacteria [124, 125] and that the enzyme was able to nullify the inhibiting effect of salivary protein on calcium phosphate precipitation in vitro [125],... 

Dyes act as selective growth inhibitors for certain bacteria and indicate pH change due to acid formation, e.g., phenol red is red in alkaline media and yellow in acidic media. Gentian violet inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. 

Another example of monoene isomerization is a cis-trans isomerase identified in some aerobic bacteria that convert oleic acid to elaidic acid as a protective mechanism. This cis-trans isomerase is constitutively present in Pseudomonas (35) and converts oleic add to elaidic acid to alter its membrane permeability for protection from growth inhibitors such as toxicants (36) or extremes in ambient temperature (37). The isomerase exhibits regiospecificity, where the active site of the enzyme penetrates to a spedfic depth in the membrane. Thus, enzyme activity is sensitive to changes in membrane fatty acid composition and fluidity (35) and does not require ATP or cofactors such as NAD(P)H. 

Bound SO2 also exerts a growth inhibitor effect, demonstrated by Fomachon (1963) (Section 8.6.3). Lactic acid bacteria may be capable of metabolizing the aldehyde fraction of the combination and liberating SO2. The SO2 then exerts its activity on the cell, but it is less effective. From their tests, Lafon-Lafourcade and Peynaud (1974) concluded that bound SO2 is 5 to 10 times less active than free SO2. Other authors have observed that its concentration in wine can easily be 5 to 10 times more elevated. 

Activity as growth inhibitor of bacteria, fungi, yeast (622). 

Injection of other chemicals may also be required for other reasons. Corrosion inhibitor may be required to minimize deterioration of the surface facilities. Bactericide may be used on either a periodic or a continuous basis to minimize bacteria growth. Chemicals such as oxygen scavengers may be injected to react with contaminants to remove or change them. Similarly, chemicals may be injected to prevent the formation of scale within the surface equipment or the precipitation of solids under reservoir conditions. 

The use of specific inhibitors operative against essential metabolites opens a new route of attack for the discovery of the external growth factor requirements of bacteria and other organisms. Once an essential metabolite is Imown it may be possible deliberately to design specific growth inhibitors (90) or to find naturally-occurring ones, like the antibiotin factor these specific inhibitors will then enable a rapid survey of bacteria to be made to reveal their requirements for the specific essential metabolite. 

Lie TJ, W Godchaux, JR Leadbetter (1999) Sulfonates as terminal electron acceptors for growth of sulfite-reducing bacteria (Desulfitobacterium spp.) and sulfate-reducing bacteria effects of inhibitors of sulfidogenesis. A / Environ Microbiol 65 4611-4617. 

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