Bacteria gene clusters

Unicelluar algal and bacterial genes were the first to be isolated and characterized and led to the isolation of most of the higher plant genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Carotenogenic gene clusters from bacteria and algae" - - - contributed immensely to the elucidation of the carotenoid pathway. 

McAnulla C, CA Woodall, IR McDonald, A Studer, S Vuilleumier, T Leisinger, JC Murrell (2001a) Chloro-methane utilization gene cluster from Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum strain CM2 and development of functional gene prohes to detect halomethane degrading bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 307-316. 

Although Rbr and Rbo are located on separate operons in D. vulgaris, genes encoding Rbo- and Rbr-Uke proteins are located within what appear to be the same operon or gene cluster in several other anaerobic bacteria... 

In bacteria, genes that encode products with interdependent functions are often clustered in an operon, a single transcriptional unit. Transcription of the genes is generally blocked by binding of a specific repressor protein at a DNA site called an operator. Dissociation of the repressor from the operator is mediated by a specific small molecule, an inducer. These principles were first elucidated in studies of the lactose (lac) operon. The Lac repressor dissociates from the lac operator when the repressor binds to its inducer, allolactose. 

The synthase structure. The Fa complex has been isolated from E. co/z,204/205 other bacteria,206 207 yeast,208a b animal tissues,199/209-211 and chloroplasts.212 2,4 In every case it consists of five kinds of subunits with the stoichiometry a3P3y8 .214a b The F0 complex of E. coli contains three subunits designated a,b, and c. All of these proteins are encoded in one gene cluster, the unc operon (named for uncoupled mutants), with the following order ... 

Keywords O antigen Gram-negative bacteria O antigen diversity Structure O antigen gene cluster... 

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