Bacteria, acetic acid physiological

Deppenmeir, U. and Ehrenreich, A. (2009). Physiology of acetic acid bacteria in light of the genome sequence of Gluconobacter oxydans. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 16,69-80. 

Not much is known about the effect of organic acids on another important pathogen, Salmonella spp., but E. coli and Salmonella are both enteric bacteria and seem to have a similar physiology. It is, however, known that medium chain fatty acids (C6-C12, caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric) are much more effective against Salmonella than the short-chain fatty acids (formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric). Another important finding was that the short-chain fatty acid butyrate specifically down-regulates the expression of invasion genes in Salmonella spp. at low doses. Medium-chain fatty acids and propionate also decrease the ability of Salmonella spp. to invade epithelial cells. This has been found to be in contrast to acetic acid (Van Immerseel et al., 2006). 

Matsushita, K., Toyama, H., Adachi, O. (1994). Respiratory chains and bioeneigetics of acetic acid bacteria. Advances in Microbial Physiology, 36, 247-300. 

Evidently, adaptation phenomena (probably similar to those described for lactic bacteria) occur, ensuring their ethanol tolerance in wine. Acidity and ethanol concentration simultaneously influence the physiology and the resistance of acetic acid bacteria. 

Table 5.1 Physiological and genomic-inferred features of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) capable of a symbiotic lifestyle in insects... 

Mamlouk D, Gullo M (2013) Acetic acid bacteria physiology and carbon sources oxidatioiL Indian J Microbiol 53 377-384... 

Mamlouk D, Gullo M (2013) Acetic acid bacteria physiology and carbem sources oxidatioiL Indian J Microbiol 53(4) 377-384. doi 10.1007/sl2088-013-0414-z Mandl MG (2010) Status of green biorefining in Europe. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin 4(3) 268-274. doi 10.1002/bbb.219... 

Table 2-1. Physiological properties of acetic and lactic acid bacteria.

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