Backscattering cross section

McDonald (1962) has described the definition of the radar backscattering cross section as intrinsically awkward we heartily agree that it is awkward, but we... 

The traditional definition of the radar backscattering cross section can be stated clearly in a few words it is just 4it times what it ought to be. We therefore counsel the reader to mentally delete the factor 4it in (4.82) and only reintroduce it as a sop to convention when necessary. 

Raindrops, which have diameters in the range 1 -5 mm, are small compared with the wavelengths of weather radars, usually 3, 5, or 10 cm. We showed in Section 5.1 that the backscattering cross section of a sphere is proportional to... 

Cox R P, Leavitt J A and McIntyre L C Jr 1995 Non-Rutherford elastic backscattering cross sections Handbook of Modern Ion Beam Materials Analysis ed J R Tesmerand M Nastasi (Pittsburgh, PA Materials Research Society) ch A7, p 481... 

Figure 6. Backscattered cross section SEM image of446 SS metallic interconnect material coated with 0.2 pm LaCrOs thin film after annealing at 90(f C for 100 hours in air.

If the projectile energy is chosen properly (below Coulomb barrier and above electronic screening - see Sect. 2.5.2 for shielded Rutherford cross-sections), the scattering yield follows the Rutherford cross-section which is basically proportional to the square of the atomic number of the element and inversely proportional to the square of the projectile energy (Fig. 2.11). If the energy is higher than the upper value, the backscattering cross-section shows deviation from Rutherford formula as discussed in Sect. 2.5. 

Huan-Sheng et al. (1991) measured Rutherford cross-sections for 165° backscattering of He from sodium and aluminum for He energy between 2.0 and 6.0 MeV. Their experimental results show that for sodium and aluminum, the upper energies are 3.0 and 3.5 MeV, respectively, at which the backscattering cross-section can still be predicted by the Rutherford scattering formula,... 

When the energy is higher than the upper value, the backscattering cross-section shows deviation from Rutherford formula. 

SIGMACALC Gubrich AF (1996) software for non-Rutherford elastic backscattering cross-sections http //www.ionbeamcentre.com/sigmacalc/... 

Figure 4.14 shows a comparison of the two angular distributions corresponding to the two Kl-forming reactions. We note that the entire backscattered cross-section for the KI from the rebound reaction of K -i- ICH3 fits under tiie backward... 

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