Backing line

A) Compressor surge is prevented by using a low flow controller that opens the valve in the spill-back line from compressor discharge to compressor suction. 

Fig. 10. Molecular and electronic structure of cation 74. (a) Perspective view on the cation 74. (b) Coordination sphere of the Pb atom, selected interatomic distances (pm) and angles (deg) Pb-(center CC, C7), 281.7 Pb-(center C6 CT), 280.7 Pbl-C2, 227(2) Pbl-C2 221.1(15) Pbl-C8, 231.0(19) C6-C7, 133(2) CC-CT 132(2) (center C6, C7)-Pb-(center C6, C7 163.6. (c) Contour plots of the Laplacian distribution [V p(r)] in the plane containing the atoms Pb, C6 and C7. Solid and dotted lines designate regions of local charge concentration and depletion, respectively. The bond paths are indicated by the solid back lines, bond critical points are marked with a black square. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 53. Copyright 2003, Wiely-VCH.)...

A two-stage, oil-sealed rotary vane pump is used to back a turbo-molecular pump via a DN25KF line (see below). Under normal working conditions, the pressure in the backing line is (2 to 6) x 10 3mbar. Would the TMP become contaminated by the backing pump ... 

As the diameter of the backing line is close to /, certainly at the lower pressure, oil-backstreaming is a possibility. 

At the high pressure end of the S vs pMet curve, (here labelled, overload region also known as the forepressure break-down region), S declines from iSmax until a critical pressure is reached in the backing line (critical backing pressure or forevacuum tolerance) which, if exceeded, causes the pumping action of the diffusion pump to cease. 

After closing valve 4, valve 5 is opened and the system is roughed out. (During this operation, it is necessary to monitor the backing line pressure (gauge 3) to ensure that it remains below the critical backing pressure.)... 

Usually, a two-stage pump with a pumping speed 20% higher, i.e. about 11m3 h would be chosen if the backing line had adequate conductance. 

Volume of backing line between the DP outlet and the backing valve... 

In Example 3.12, the diffusion pump is to be operated for 1 h with an inlet pressure of 10 5mbar with the backing pump switched off (and the backing valve closed) to eliminate the effect of vibration from the backing pump on the system. Calculate the volume of the backing line to achieve this if the critical backing pressure of the DP is 0.6 mbar. 

If the acceptable pressure rise in the backing line is approx. 0.6 mbar (actually,... 

Obviously, a separate backing volume must be incorporated into the backing line. 

The test volume was fitted with a suitable ionisation gauge and test gas was admitted to the system via a variable leak valve fitted to the backing line of the TMP. The system is shown in the diagram. 

Measurement of the compression ratio was carried out after the system had been pumped down to its base pressure (/ basc < 10 8mbar). By opening the variable leak valve, the test gas (in this case H2) was admitted to the backing line and after equilibrium had been established,/ backing and pHW were measured. 

The back line of the coat-hanger manifold is further from the exit of the die at the center than it is on the ends. This could result in a die that will deflect its opening more at the center, causing uneven melt distribution. See die, multiflow die, T-slot. 

Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back lines on scrapers. 

Let s look at Figure 25-2. The discharge pressure of the compressor is fixed by the absorber fuel gas pressure control (PC). If we start to raise the absorber pressure by closing this PC, the compressor will have to develop more differential pressure. That means it will have to produce more feet of polytropic head (Hp). As shown in Figure 25-1 the compressor will be backed up on its curve. The volume of gas compressed will be reduced. The pressure in the wet gas drum will then rise. The other PC on the spill-back line will then start to close in order to reduce the volume of gas flowing back to the compressor s suction. 

During CV measurement, the potential of the working or target electrode in the system is measured against the reference electrode via linear scanning back and forth between the specified upper and lower potential limits, as shown in Figure 7.4. The slope of the linear (forward and back) lines is called the potential (E) scan rate (v) ... 

Fig- 7.11 Typical pore model reflected by a-type back line rn — Narrow-pore radius fw — Wide-pore radius... 

Pig. 7.12 Typical pore model reflected by B-type back line (a) Cubicles separated by accumulation model (b) Cnbicles separated by small particles (c) Typical isothermal loop of montmorillonite... 

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