Azo-azoxy

A great variety of solvents has been used with success. Reactive solvents, such as acetic anhydride, will react with the amine as formed. Basic solvents cause the formation of azo, azoxy. and hydrazo compounds, paralleling chemical reductions (39,73). 

Azo, azoxy, and hydrazo compounds can all be reduced to amines. Metals (notably zinc) and acids, and Na2S204, are frequently used as reducing agents. Borane reduces azo compounds to amines, though it does not reduce nitro compounds. " Lithium aluminum hydride does not reduee hydrazo compounds or azo compounds, though with the latter, hydrazo compounds are sometimes isolated. With azoxy compounds, LiAHLj gives only azo compounds (19-48). 

Liquid Crystals Containing Azo, Azoxy, Azine, Azomethine... 

A convenient method was developed for the synthesis of 4-amino-3-furoxancarboxylic acid azide, which is a universal synthon for the preparation of furoxan derivatives 320 (Scheme 81). This method was used for the synthesis of new azo-, azoxy-, azido-, cyano-, nitro-, carbonylamino-, and hydroxylamino-substituted furoxan derivatives that are difficult to prepare using alternative procedures <2003RCB1822>. 

Azido Azino Azo Azoxy Azulenyl Benzamido Benzeneazo Benzeneazoxy l, 2-Benzenedicarbonyl, see Phthaloyl l,3-Benzenedicarbonyl or isophthaloyl)... 

Products from peroxydisulftiric acid oxidations are usually isolated in high yield and high purity with potential by-products such as azo, azoxy and nitroso compounds usually absent. Product isolation is usually facile the product either precipitates from solution or can be extracted, with any unreacted amine remaining in the acid liquors. Peroxydisulfuric acid is, however, a very strong oxidant and some substrates are rapidly destroyed, which is the case for polynitrophenylenediamines. The reactivity of such substrates can be moderated by prior... 

Further studies of the oxidation of azo, azoxy, and hydrazine derivatives to the nitroso dimer stage would be of considerable interest. In such research the problems of unsymmetrically substituted nitroso dimers might also be considered. 

Oxidative cleavage of amines 9-39 Reduction of amides 9-47 Reduction of nitro compounds 9-50 Reduction of nitroso compounds or hydroxylamincs 9-51 Reduction of oximes 9-52 Reduction of azides 9-53 Reduction of isocyanates, isothiocyanates, or N-nitroso compounds 9-55 Reduction of amine oxides 9-59 Reduction of azo, azoxy, or hydrazo compounds... 

While most azido, nitroso, and nitro derivatives are listed under their parent compounds, the amino, azo, azoxy, etc derivatives are listed as parent compounds, themselves, either individually or as a group. Similarly, alkyl, phenyl and other... 

Nitro compounds are easily reduced, catalytically or chemically, to amino compounds. Incomplete reduction can lead to a hydroxylamino derivative or to binuclear azo, azoxy and hydrazo compouds, e.g. (760) — (759), (761). A nitro group can be reduced in the presence of an iV-oxide group, e.g. (755) - (752). 

K. Mackenzie, in The Chemistry of Hydrazo, Azo, Azoxy Groups (S. Patai, ed.). Wiley, Chichester, 1975. 

A) Reducible and Non-reoxidisable Colouring Matters. To this group belong nitro-, nitroso-, azo-, azoxy- and hydrazo-colouring matters, which are distinguished as indicated in Table XLVIII. 

Alkaline electrolytes give azo-, azoxy-, and hydrazo-compounds, but if a copper cathode be used and copper... 

When nitro-group and keto-group are both present in the compound to be reduced, the former is preferably attacked so that azo-, azoxy-, or amino-keto compounds2 result. 

Nitrogen NMR spectra of azo, azoxy and hydrazo compounds have been reviewed by J. Mason.77... 

Other groups such as nitroso, hydroxytarriine. azo. azoxy and hydrazo may also be reduced by similar means, though with varying degrees of difficulty, but their use is rather limited. 

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