Azathioprine pharmacogenetics

Gearry RB, Roberts RL, Barclay ML, Kennedy MA (2004) Lack of association between the ITPA 94C>A polymorphism and adverse effects from azathioprine. Pharmacogenetics 14 779-781... 

Marinaki, A. M., Ansari, A., Duley, J. A., et al. (2004) Adverse drug reactions to azathioprine therapy are associated with polymorphism in the gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase). Pharmacogenetics. 14,181-187. 

Keywords Azathioprine methotrexate pharmacogenetics polymorphisms rhen-matoid arthritis sulfasalazine tumor necrosis factor antagonists. 

This chapter highlights some of the recent major pubhcations in the field of pharmacogenomics in RA and describes the implications of this field for future research and cUnical care. The pharmacogenetics of three major DMARDs (methotrexate [MTX], azathioprine [AZA], and sulfasalazine [SSZ]) and one class of biologic DMARDs, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, in RA, are reviewed. 

Schwab, M Schaffeler, E Marx, C Fischer, C., Lang, T., Behrens, C., Gregor, M., Eichelbaum, M., Zanger, U.U. and Kaskas, B.A. (2002) Azathioprine therapy and adverse drug reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease impact of thiopurine s-methyltransferase polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics, 12, 429-438. 

Fargher EA, Tricker K, Newman B, EUiott R, Roberts SA, Shaffer JL, Payne K. Current use of pharmacogenetic testing a national survey of thiopurine methyltrans-ferase (TPMT) testing prior to azathioprine prescription. J Clin Pharm Ther 2007 32 187-95. 

Gearry RB, Barclay ML. Azathioprine and 6-mercap-topurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 20 1149-1157. 

The complex metabolism of azathioprine and mercaptopurine is subject to a pharmacogenetic polymorphism that is relevant to the degree of efficacy and toxicity... 

Marra CA, Esdaile JM, Anis AH. Practical pharmacogenetics the cost effectiveness of screening for thiopurine s-methyltransferase polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoiogical conditions treated with azathioprine. J Rheumatol 2002 29 2507-12. 

Seidman EG, Furst DE. Pharmacogenetics for the individualization of treatment of rheumatic disorders using azathioprine. J Rheumatol 2002 29 2484-7. 

Key words Pharmacogenetics, Polymorphisms, Rheumatoid, Arthritis, Methotrexate, Azathioprine,... 

PHARMACOGENETICS Favorable responses to azathioprine-mercaptopurine are seen in up to two-thirds of patients. Mercaptopurine has three metabolic fates (1) conversion by xanthine oxidase to 6-thiouric acid (2) metabolism by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) to... 

Leonard L, Van Loon JA, Weinshilboum RM. Pharmacogenetics of acute azathioprine toxicity relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989 46 149-154. 

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