Avian genomes

The main conclusions of Thiery et al. (1976) were the following (i) all eleven mammalian DNAs analyzed exhibited the three major components 1.697, 1.704 and 1.709 g/cm, first observed in the bovine genome similar components appeared in avian genomes and were, likewise, responsible for the trailing of the CsCl bands on the heavy, GC-rich, side (ii) the DNAs of reptiles, amphibians and fishes showed a much lower skewness to the heavy side of their CsCl bands (iii) essentially symmetrical bands in CsCl, neglecting satellite bands, were displayed by DNAs from three invertebrates (two echinoderms and Dro.sophila) and from three unicellular eukaryotes, S. cerevisiae, E. gracilis, T. pyriformis (see Table 3.2). 

Kadi F., Mouchiroud D., Sabeur G., Bernard G. (1993). The compositional patterns of the avian genomes and their evolutionary implications. J. Mol. Evol. 37 544-551. 

The avian genomes are generally smaller than those of most mammals and of many other vertebrates. This is coupled with a large chromosome number, including several microchromosomes. The latter are difficult to identify. The chromosome number of some species has only recently been established, and many are still to be established. 

The organisation of the genome can be studied at a number of different levels in this section we examine the organisation that can be discerned using light or fluorescence microscopy. The avian genome is unusual... 

Dieterlen-UCTre, F. le Douarin, N. (1993). The use of avian chimeras in developmental biology. In Manipulation of the Avian Genome, ed. R.J. Etches A.M.V. Gibbins, pp. 103-19, Boca Ratoa FL CRC Press. 

Epplen, J.T., Leipoldt, M., Engel W. Schmidtke, J. (1978). DNA sequence organization in avian genomes. Chromosoma, 69, 307-321. 

Tixier-Bouchard, M. (1993). Current state of the art in poultry genome mapping. Manipulation of the Avian Genome, September 1993, Guelph, Ontario Department of Poultry Science. 

The first section deals with protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, its hormonal control and the adaptations that occur in birds. The second covers the avian genome, gene expression and avian immunology. Growth and em-bryological development are also discussed. 

The book is divided into two parts the first is concerned broadly with metabolism and its control, and the second is concerned with the organisation of the avian genome and its expression. 

Genes specifically from this chapter evolved especially quickly. .. A full-genome analysis of 48 different birds. .. G. Zhang et al. Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation. 2014. Science 346(6215), p. 1311. DOl 10.1126/ science.1251385. 

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