Average power range monitor

Four average power range monitors (APRMs) measure the average power level. Each monitor measures bulk power in the core by averaging signals from as many as 24 detectors distributed throughout the core. The output signals from these monitors are displayed and are also used to operate trips in the reactor protection system. 

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The RPV control EOF is designed to maintain adequate core cooling, shutdown of the reactor, and decrease RPV temperature to cold shutdown conditions. Entry into this procedure is required at an RPV water level below (low level scram set point), RPV pressure above (high pressure scram set point), drywell pressure above (high pressure scram set point), and SCRAM condition and reactor power above a certain value (average power range monitor downscale trip) or reactor power cannot be determined. 

CD player will need less than 20 W. More specialised portable equipment includes field environmental monitors, medical mobile life-support systems and soldier commvmication and signalling devices used in military operations (Palo et al, 2002). Power requirements for such equipment would be in the range of 10-400 W. A standard size Li ion battery has a storage capacity of 750 mAh, and the largest one convenient for a laptop computer has a capacity of 3600 mAh. For a portable video camera, the standard Li ion battery may deliver 5 W at 7 V for about 1 h, while for the laptop at 12 V, the larger battery provides about 4 h at an average power consumption of 10 W. 

The average reaction rate may then be calculated directly from irRjdp,avg = XaFao - The average of the inlet and exit reactant concentrations is normally used in calculations. The differential PFR is convenient and versatile for generating substantial amounts of conversion versus space-time data by monitoring the inlet composition only. In order to find the individual concentration dependencies of -Ra)p accurately in the case of power law models, it is necessary to obtain data in as wide a range as possible by using several different nonstoichiometric feed compositions at constant temperature. 

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