Air bags, automobile

The simplest hypothetical formula for hydrogen chloride, HCl, indicates that the molecule contains one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom. Given the ratios of the combined volumes, the simplest formulas for hydrogen and chlorine must be H2 and CI2, respectively. 

All gases have a volume of 22.4 L under standard conditions. 

Recall that one mole of a molecular substance contains a number of molecules equal to Avogadro s constant (6.022 x 10 ). One mole of oxygen, O2, contains 6.022 x 10 diatomic oxygen molecules and has a mass of 31.9988 g. One mole of helium, a monatomic gas, contains the same number of helium atoms and has a mass of4.002 602 g. 

According to Avogadro s law, one mole of any gas will occupy the same volume as one mole of any other gas at the same temperature and pressure, despite mass differences. The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at STP is known as the standard molar volume of a gas. It has been found to be 22.41410 L. For calculations in this book, we use 22.4 L as the standard molar volume. 

Knowing the volume of a gas, you can use 1 mol/22.4 L as a conversion factor to find the number of moles, and therefore the mass, of a given volume of a given gas at STP. You can also use the molar volume of a gas to find the volume, at STP, of a known number of moles or a known mass of a gas. 

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Sodium azide, like most azide salts, is shock sensitive. It is used in automobile air bags, where it decomposes to elemental sodium and nitrogen when detonated (see Section 4.7) ... 

Sodium azide (NaN3) yields N2 gas when heated to 300° C, a reaction used in automobile air bags. If 1.00 mol of N2 has a volume of 47.0 L under the reaction conditions, how many liters of gas can be formed by heating 38.5 g of NaN3 The reaction is ... 

Most gas calculations are just applications of the ideal gas law in which three of the variables P, V, T, and n are known, and the fourth variable must be calculated. For example, the reaction used in the deployment of automobile air bags is the high-temperature decomposition of sodium azide, NaN3, to produce N2 gas. (The sodium is then removed by a subsequent reaction.) How many liters of N2 at 1.15 atm and 30°C are produced by decomposition of 145 g of NaN3 ... 

Automobile air bags are inflated with N2 gas produced by decomposition of sodium azide. 

Enumeration of the energetic matl uses of tetrazole per se include the following Doin and Thomas claim in their patent (Ref 30) a propint contg tetrazole which is used for the inflation of automobile air bags by the generation of a nontoxic gas. Thus, tablets contg Na azide (70),... 

Nitrogen gas is produced in an automobile air bag. It is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN3. 

An automobile air bag fills up with about 65 L of nitrogen gas in approximately 27 ms. This can prevent a driver from being seriously injured. The sodium that is produced is extremely caustic, however. 

Engineers design automobile air bags that deploy almost instantly on impact. To do this, an air bag must provide a large amount... 

Vitello W, Kim M, Johnson RM, Miller S. Full-thickness burn to the hand from an automobile air bag. J Care Burn Rehab 1999 20(3) 212 15. 

TATP and DADP neither detonate nor deflagrate they are rare entropy explosions. The effect is from rapid dissociation of weak atomic bonds within the acetone peroxide molecules, not from a chemical reaction as seen in all common explosives. Acetone peroxides require neither heat to form nor do they release heat when they dissociate the effect is similar to the solid-to-gas reaction that deploys automobile air bags. 

Sodium azide (NaN3) is used in some automobile air bags. The impact of a collision triggers the decomposition of NaN3 as follows ... 

During a collision, automobile air bags are inflated by the N2 gas formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium... 

One of the reactions used to inflate automobile air bags involves sodium azide CNaN33 2NaN3Cs3 2NaCs3 -F 3N2Cg3- Determine the mass of N2 produced from the decomposition of NaNs shown at right. 

A FIGURE 3.7 Decomposition of sodium azide, NaNsls), is used to inflate automobile air bags. 

The air that inflates automobile air bags is acmally nitrogen gas formed by the rapid decomposition of solid sodium azide (NaNs). 

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