Automation Concepts How Multicomponent Systems are Organized

Productivity - a notion defined with the manufacture of defined uniform products in mind - has been assuming ever greater importance (and nowhere more so than in research and development) since the advent of new technologies in the research laboratories of the natural sciences. 

Whereas assembly line methods have, for many decades now, been at the heart of industrial production (because of their capacity efficiently to combine distinct work steps), automation technology is increasingly replacing even these mostly manually performed work steps. Usually the two aspects go hand in hand with efficiency improvements, which is undoubtedly the strongest force driving technological innovation. 

---