Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Winkle RA, Mead RH, Ruder MA, et al. Longterm outcome with the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol. May 1989 13(6) 1353-1361. 

FIGURE 17-13. Drawing showing automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators with newer methods of device placement. It shows an endocardial lead system where the leads are placed transvenously without the need for a thoracotomy. The generator is now small enough to be placed in the pectoral region of the chest. (From DiMarco, with permission.)... 

Three months later, Jane is taking a walk in the Central Park on a Sunday afternoon. A sudden large noise startles her. The microbot implanted in Jane s chest detects irregular heartbeats and activates the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and makes an emergency call (911) via the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) interface and cellular communication. 

Fig. 4.54 Sagittal section of the shoulder girdle demonstrating superficial and deep anatomy with automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement under the pectoralls major muscle. (From Belott PH, Reynolds DW. Permanent pacemaker and cardioverter defibrillation implantation. In Ellenbogen KA, Kay N, WUkoff BL, eds. Clinical cardiac pacing and defibriUation, 2nd ed. Philadelphia WB Saimders, 2000, with permission.)...

Shepard RB, Goldin MD, Lawrie GM, et al. Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator suigical approaches for implantation. J Cardiol Suig 1992 7(3) 208-224. 

Watkins L Jr, Taylor E Jr. The surgical aspects of automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. PACE 1991 14(5Pt 2) 953-960. 

Watkins L Jr, Guamieri T, Griffith LS, et al. Implantation of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Cardiol Surg 1998 3(l) l-7. 

Lawrie GM, Kaushik RR, Pacifico A. Right minithoracotomy an adjunct to left subcostal automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1989 47(5) 780-781. 

Chevalier P, Moncada E, Canu G, Claudel JP, Bellon C, Kirkorian G, Touboul P. Symptomatic pericardial disease associated with patch electrodes of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator an underestimated complication Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996 19 2150-2. 

Fogoros, R.N., et al.. Efficacy of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in prolonging survival in patients with severe underlying cardiac disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1990.16(2) p. 381-6. 

Cohen AI, Wish MF, Fletcher RD, Miller FC, McCormick D, Shuck J, Shapira N, Delnegro AA. The use and interaction of permanent pacemakers and the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1988 11 704-711. 

Slepian M, Levine JH, Watkins L, Brinker J, Guamieri T. Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker interaction loss of pacemaker capture following ICD discharge. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1987 1 1194—1197. 

Boimet CA, Elson JJ, Fogoros RN. Accidental deactivation of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Am Heart J 1990 120 696-697. 

Marchlinski FE, Flores B, Miller JM, Gottlieb CD, and Hargrove WC 3rd. Relation of the intraoperative defibriUation threshold to successful postoperative defibrillation with an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Am J Cardiol... 

Higgins SL. Impact of the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial on implantable cardioverter defibrillator indication trends. Am J Cardiol. Mar 11 1999 83(5B) 79D-82D. 

The heart is an electromechanical system, in which mechanical pumping function is initiated and coordinated by automatic rhythmic cardiac electrical activity. Transient electrical disturbances m this activity (cardiac arrhythmias) can immediately cause death. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a medical device that can be implanted in a human body and will automatically detect and treat cardiac arrhythmias. Mirowski et al. [1] first reported on a demonstration of a functioning ICD in 1970. In his demonstration, he induced a fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a dog. The dog was then successfully and dramatically rescued by the automatic operation of a previously implanted ICD. The first report of successful ICD implantation in humans soon followed [2]. In subsequent decades, advances in ICD technology have reduced ICD size from more than 200 cm, originally, to as httle as 25 cm, while markedly improving functionality, reliability, and longevity. ICDs are now considered as standard of care for patients at risk for ventricular arrhythmia and are implanted in more than 150,000 patients per year in the United States alone [3]. 

Niehaus M, Neuzner J, Vogt J, Korte T, Tebbenjohanns J. Adjustment of maximum automatic sensitivity (automatic gain control) reduces inappropriate therapies in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2002 25 151-5. 

Guamieri T, Levine JH, Veltri EP, Griffith LS, Watkins L, Jr., Juanteguy J, Mower MM, Mirowski M. Success of chronic defibrillation and the role of antiarrhythmic drugs with the automatic implantable cardioverter/defibiillator. Am J Cardiol 1987 60 1061. ... 

Zwanziger, J., et al., The cost effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators results from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006. 47(11) p. 2310-8. 

Biomaterials have played a vital role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, examples of applications including heart valve prostheses, vascular grafts, stents, indwelling catheters, ventricular assist devices, total implantable artificial heart, pacemakers, automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator, intraaortic balloon pump, and more. A key requirement for materials in cardiovascular applications, particularly blood-contacting devices, is blood compatibility, that is, nonthrombogenic. Additional requirements include mechanical and surface properties that are application specific. Surveying the field of polymers used in cardiovascular applications reveals that PUs, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and expanded PTFE (ePTFE) are the most commonly used. This section will review each of the three polymers followed by a brief introduction of other emerging polymers for use in the cardiovascular area. 

Fromer M, Brachmann J, Block M, et al. Efficacy of automatic multimodal device thempy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias as delivered by a new implantable pacing cardioverter-defibrillator. Results of a European multicenter study of 102 implants. Circulation. Aug 1992 86(2) 363-374. 

Case Conclusion Once the patient is resuscitated, antiarrhythmics should be continued until the patient is more stable. The requirement for long-term treatment with antiarrhythmics and/or implantable automatic cardioverter defibrillation should be evaluated. 

ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate ICD implantable automatic cardioverter defibrillation... 

Brodman R, Fisher JD, Furman S, Johnston DR, Kim SG, Matos JA, Waspe LE. Implantation of automatic cardioverter-defibrillators via median sternotomy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1984 7 1363-9. 

Fogoros R, Elson J, and Bonnet C. Actuarial incidence and pattern of occurrence of shocks following implantation of the automatic cardioverter defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989 11 2014. 

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