Attachment, extracellular matrix proteins primary

Some primary and fastidious cell types will not attach and grow on regular tissue culture surfaces and require a protein coating to divide and become fully differentiated. In addition to polylysine and polyomithine, a variety of proteins that are derived from extracellular matrix are commercially available. Fibronectin, laminin and collagens are available as reagents and also as precoated plasticware. 

Primary attachment occurs by both specific and non-specific mechanisms, and to the native surfaces of implanted biomaterials as well as to surfaces primed by adsorption of host-derived plasma proteins, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and coagulation products (platelets and thrombi) (Fig. 2) [20, 21],... 

Proteins have many functions in the body. They serve as transporters of hydrophobic compounds in the blood, as cell adhesion molecules that attach cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix, as hormones that carry signals from one group of cells to another, as ion channels through lipid membranes, and as enzymes that increase the rate of biochemical reactions. The unique characteristics of a protein are dictated by its linear sequence of amino acids, termed its primary structure. The primary structure of a protein determines how it can fold and how it interacts with other molecules in the cell to perform its function. The primary structures of all of the diverse human proteins are synthesized from 20 amino acids arranged in a linear sequence determined by the genetic code. 

More recently, the Santerre lab used the coculture of primary cells with monocytes/ MDMs to promote a wound-heaUng milieu to encourage cell attachment, infiltration, and proliferation on D-PHl PU films and scaffolds for TE vascular graft applications [67,91,105-107]. In the context of blood vessel TE, it was found that by coculturing monocytes with ECs on D-PHI films that the ECs attached better and spread out more while displaying more EC functional markers than EC monocultures (CD31) [91 ]. VSMCs benefited from coculture with monocytes on both film and porous scaffold forms of D-PHI [67,106,107], On porous scaffolds, the monocyte coculture helped VSMCs migrate within the pores and increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [107]. A recent study found that monocyte-conditioned medium could also promote VSMC attachment to... 

Ninety percent of cancer deaths are caused by metastatic rather than primary tumors. Define metastasis. Explain the rationale for the following new cancer treatments (a) batima-stat, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases and of the plasminogen activator receptor, (b) antibodies that block the function of integrins, integral membrane proteins that mediate attachment of cells to the basal laminae and extracellular matrices of various tissues, and (c) bisphosphonate, which inhibits the function of bone-digesting osteoclasts. 

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