Quantum states coherent, trapped atomic ions

Wineland, D.J., Monroe, C., Itano,W.M., LeibMed, D., King, B.E., andMeekhof, D.M., Experimental issues in coherent quantum-state manipulation of trapped atomic ions, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Tech., 103, 259, 1998 Wigner, E., On the interaction of electrons in metals, Phys. Rev., 46, 1002,1934. 

D.J. Wineland, C. Monroe, D.M. Meekhof, B.E. King, D. Leibfried, W.M. Itano, J.C. Bergquist, D. Berkeland, J.J. Bollinger, J. Miller Coherent quantum state manipulation of trapped atomic ions. Adv. Quantum Cheni. 30, 41 (1998)... 

Single atomic ions confined in radio frequency traps and cooled by laser beams (Figure 7.4a) formed the basis for the first proposal of a CNOT quantum gate with an explicit physical system [14]. The first experimental realization of a CNOT quantum gate was in fact demonstrated on a system inspired by this scheme [37]. In this proposal, two internal electronic states of alkaline-earth or transition metal ions (e.g. Ba2+ or Yb3+) define the qubit basis. These states have excellent coherence properties, with T2 and T2 in the range of seconds [15]. Each qubit can be... 

Some properties of these ions make them particularly appealing as solid state spin qubits. The fact that they can be diluted into diamagnetic crystals offers a simple method to optimize their quantum coherence. Similarly to trapped ions, they are simple each qubit is embodied by a single atom. Yet, their immediate... 

---