Atomic forces and tunneling

To establish a quantitative relation between F and G for the entire tip and the entire sample, we have to consider all the states in the tip and the sample. A rigorous treatment is complicated. The following treatment is based on the approximate additivity of atomic force and tunneling conductance with respect to the atoms of the tip. In other words, the force between the entire tip and the sample can be approximated as the sum of the force between the individual atoms in the tip and the entire sample, so does tunneling conductivity. Because the tip is made of transition metals, for example, W, Pt, and Ir, the tight-binding approximation, and consequently, additivity, are reasonable assumptions. Under this approximation, the total force is... 

Methods for Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopies... 

Atomic force and scanning tunnelling microscopies have recently revolutionised... 

Finally, the rate constant of the reaction between the cyano radical and 1,3,5-trioxane has been measured over the range of 297-600 K by laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence <1993MI1053> and found to ascribe to the formula k= 1.39 x 10 x giiass/ri Fl-atom abstraction activity rates of CN- and OH- with 1,3,5-trioxane occur with the same mechanism and were correlated a linear relationship was found with deviations occurring only for those reactions in which dipole-dipole attractive forces and tunneling play a major role. 

Cohen Y., Aurbach D. The use of a special work station for in situ measurements of highly reactive electrochemical systems by atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes. Rev. Sci. Instr. 1999, 70, 4668-4675. 

Specimen Preparation for Electron Microscopy Scanning Electron Microscopy Atomic Force and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy X-Ray Microscopy... 

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