Atomic force microscopy phospholipids

Rand, J.H., Wu, X.X., Quinn, A.S., Chen, P.P., McCrae, K.R., Bovill, E.G., and D.J.Taatjes, 2003, Human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies disrupt the annexin A5 anticoagulant crystal shield on phospholipid bilayers evidence from atomic force microscopy and functional assay. Am J Pathol. 163(3) 1193-200. 

Reviakine I, Brisson A (2000) Formation of supported phospholipid bilayers from unilamellar vesicles investigated by atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 16 1806-1815... 

C. Gliss, H. Clausen-Schaumann, R. Gunther, S. Odenbach, O. Randl, and T. M. Bayler Direct detection of domains in phospholipid bilayers by grazing incidence diffraction of neutrons and atomic force microscopy. Biophys. J., 1998, 74, 2443-2450. 

Leonenko, Z. V., Carnini, A., and Cramb, D. T. 2000. Supported planar bilayer formation by vesicle fusion The interaction of phospholipid vesicles with surfaces and the effect of gramicidin on bilayer properties using atomic force microscopy, Biochim Biophys Acta 1509,131-147. 

Rinia, H. A., Demel, R. A., van der Eerden, J. P and de Kruijff, B. 1999. Blistering of Langmuir-Blodgett bilayers containing anionic phospholipids as observed by atomic force microscopy, Biophys J77,1683-1693. 

Santos, N. C., Ter-Ovanesyan, E., Zasadzinski, J. A., Prieto, M., and Castanho, M. A. 1998. Filipin-induced lesions in planar phospholipid bUayers imaged by atomic force microscopy, Biophys J 75, 1869-1873. 

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) combinations are at present much favoured physical techniques for phospholipid analyses [56]. Atomic force microscopy can image phospholipid bilayers at high resolution in their natural environment [57]. 

However, hybrid bilayers are not suitable for protein incorporation because water is needed at the inner part of the bilayer to avoid protein denaturalization. In order to avoid this problem, Au surfaces were functionalized with a short hydroxylated dithiol (dithiothreitol, DTT) which adopts a lying down configuration with the OH groups exposed to the environment. Vesicle fusion on these DTT surfaces allows phospholipid bilayer formation with a water layer between the DTT SAM and the inner phospholipid monolayer. The phospholipid bilayer exhibits good fluidity as has been shown by in situ AFM (atomic force microscopy) imaging. These bilayers have been formed on both planar and nanostructured [SERS (surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy) active] gold surfaces. ... 

H. Asakawa and T. Fukuma, The molecular-scale arrangement and mechanical strength of phospholipid/cholesterol mixed bilayers investigated by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy in liquid. 

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