Image formation atomic force microscope

Harper JD, Lieber CM, Lansbury PT Jr. Atomic force microscopic imaging of seeded fibril formation and fibril branching by the Alzheimer s disease amyloid-beta protein. Chem Biol 1997 4 951-959. 

Fig. 9.12. (a) Atomic force microscope image of the impression created on a Zr— 17.9Cu-14.6Ni-10Al-5Ti (atomic percent) bulk metallic glass alloy which was subjected to nanoindentation at a maximum load of 60 mN. Discontinuous shear bands encompass the indent, (b) SAD patterns showing diffraction spots which were produced by the formation of nanocrystalline particles at the indents and in the shear bands. The inset schematically shows six diffraction spots which were associated with the (111) plane of tetragonal Zr2Ni particles, (c) A small distance away from the indent only halo ring patterns characteristic of a fully amorphous structure are seen. Reproduced with permission from Kim et al. (2002). 

Considering techniques that allow the imaging of lipid surfaces, scanning probe microscopes such as the atomic force microscope (AFM) (13, 23) have become very appealing. The AFM allows measurements of native lipid samples under physiologic-like conditions and while biological processes are at work. It is hence often used to determine lipid membrane stmctures, stmctural defects in membranes, domain formation, and even the behavior of lipid rafts with high nanometer-scale lateral resolution. 

Fig. 8 (A) Mechanism of formation of electrodeposits on the surface of an electrolyte and (B) an atomic force microscope (AFM) image reveals the granular nature of a Co deposit. (From Ref. l)...

Despite the consistent picture of a controlled protein monolayer formation by molecularly specific "recognition" reactions deduced from the optical data we were still concerned about the limited optical resolution. In order to further enhance the special resolution euid to observe the binding of streptavidin to a functionalized surface (eventually) with molecular resolution we performed atomic force microscopic (AFM) studies at a membrane/solution-interface. In Fig.6 the experimental situation is schematically sketched. Prior to the protein injection a lipid monolayer with coexisting fluid and ordered domains deposited onto a condensed monolayer on the mica substrate has to be imaged by scanning the tip across the membrane surface. It is well-known that a fluid membrane can not stand the load of the tip (even at a reduced force) so that we expect a height contrast between the two areas of about a monolayer thickness... 

Formation of decyl (C10H21-) adsorbates by decyl Crignard reagent on H Si(lll) was first performed by Boukherroub et al. [64] The atomic force microscope (AFM) images of alkyl-terminated Si(lll) show a flat Si surface without any sign... 

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