Atmospheric precipitation, catchment area

Atmospheric Precipitation over the Rivers Catchment Areas. 168... 

Inflow from the two rivers (Amudarya and Syrdarya) is the main income component of the Aral Sea water balance. So, it is important to estimate the amount of water precipitated from the atmosphere over the catchment areas of these rivers, reveal its interannual variability, and compare a tendency of this variability with the changes in the Aral Sea level. Such an estimation for the period 1979-2001 was made by Nezlin et al. [34]. 

A comparison of interannual variability of the atmospheric precipitation over the Amudarya and Syrdarya catchment areas with levels of the Large and Small Aral... 

The work performed in Kejimkujik Park, Nova Scotia demonstrates that substantial mercury bioaccumulation can occur in remote areas where no abnormal sources of mercury exist. The mass balance preformed at BDW Lake in Kejimkujik Park, showed that movement of atmospheric mercury from the terrestrial catchment to wetland areas is the primary source of methyl mercury to the lake. Mercury volatilization was found to be an important process in this basin with annual volatilization equaling 46% of the mercury deposited by precipitation over the entire lake basin. This paper demonstrates that mercury speciation must be known to reliably predict the effect of anthropogenic influences on a regional and global scale. 

All of these surface water systems are intercormected, both among themselves and with the land areas from which they receive runoff from precipitation. The watershed, or catchment, of a particular surface water body is that area which drains to the surface water body. Sizes of catchments may vary from a fraction of a square kilometer for a small pond to substantial portions of entire continents for oceans. It cannot be overemphasized that each individual water body is an ecosystem whose functioning depends not only on interactions of chemical, physical, and biological processes internal to the ecosystem but also on interconnections with the surrounding land area, the groimdwater, and the atmosphere. 

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