Astrocytes apoptosis

Takuma K, Baba A, Matsuda T (2004) Astrocyte apoptosis implications for neuroprotection. Prog Neurobiol 72 111-127... 

He J, DeCastro CM, Vandenbark GR, Busoglio J,Gabuzda D (1997) Astrocyte apoptosis induced by HIV-1 transaedvadon of die c-kit proto oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 3954—3959. 

The class III cytokine receptor family includes two TNE receptors, the low affinity NGE receptor and 7-ceU surface recognition sites that appear to play a role in proliferation, apoptosis, and immunodeficiency. TNE-a (- 17, 000 protein) is produced by astrocytes and microglia and can induce fever, induce slow-wave sleep, reduce feeding, stimulate prostaglandin synthesis, stimulate corticotrophin-releasing factor and prolactin secretion, and reduce thyroid hormone secretion. TNE-a stimulates IL-1 release, is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes, and reduces myelination this has been impHcated in multiple sclerosis and encephalomyelitis. Astrocyte TNE-a receptors mediate effects on IL-6 expression and augment astrocytic expression of MHC in response to other stimulants such as lEN-y. 

Utilizing the stark difference in response of wildtype astrocytes (increased apoptosis) and astrocytes (decreased apoptosis), Warrington et al. (2007)... 

Both astrocytes and neurons are susceptible to UCB exposure. Isolated neurons treated with UCB show increased evidence of apoptosis with release of cytochrome... 

Di Iorio P, Kleywegt S, Ciccarelli R, Traversa U, Andrew CM, Crocker CE, Werstiuk ES, Rathbone MP (2002) Mechanisms of apoptosis induced by purine nucleosides in astrocytes. Glia 38(3) 179-190... 

Knock-out Tumour development and reduced apoptosis Delayed tumour uptake, decreased tumour incidences, no metastasis after transplantation of highly metastatic mammary carcinomas. Enhanced astrocyte migration after demyelination... 

---