Astaxanthin antioxidant potential/effects

It is well established that carotenoids can have an enhancing effect on immune function, and that such immunoenhancement may be manifested independently of their provitamin A activity or antioxidant potential. Carotenoids appear to have specific immune functions that may enhance immunity to cancer cells. Astaxanthin in particular has exhibited numerous immune-enhancing activities both in vitro and in vivo. In cell culture... 

This work demonstrated that an airlift system was suitable for the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis, one of the most effective microorganisms that could produce high potential antioxidant carotenoid, astaxanthin. Aeration was shown to be crucial for a proper growth of the alga in the airlift bioreactor, but it must be maintained at low level, and the most appropriate superficial velocity was found to be at the lower limit of the pump, i.e. 0.4 cm s". ... 

Astaxanthin Astaxanthin also has potential clinical apphcations as a result of its higher versatile antioxidant activity than (3-carotene and a-tocopherol (60). This compound contains two additional oxygenated groups on each ring structure compared with other carotenoids, resulting in the enhanced antioxidant properties (61). It has been recently described that astaxanthin is effective against UVA-induced DNA alterations in human dermal fibroblasts, human melanocytes, and human intestinal cells (62). In addition, the... 

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