Association for the Development of Plastic Materials

Associated Cement Companies Ltd., 169 Associated Manganese Mines of South Africa Ltd., 199 Association for the Development of Plastic Materials (AIMPLAS), 264... 

Ideally, materials for medical and paramedical applications should be tested or evaluated at three level (1) on the ingredients used to make the basic resin, (2) on the final plastic or elastomeric material, and (3) on the final device. Organizations such as the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, the U.S.A. Standard Institute, and the American Society for Testing and Materials (F4 Committee) have developed toxicity testing programs for materials used in medical apphcations. The American Dental Association has recommended standard procedures for biological evaluation of dental materials [74]. 

A ubiquitous feature accompanying large deformations in inelastic materials is the appearance of various instabilities. For example, plastic deformation may lead to shear banding, and the development of damage frequently leads to the formation of fault zones. As remarked in Section 5.2.7, normality conditions derived from the work assumption may imply stability which is too strong for such cases. Physical instabilities are likely to be associated with loss of normality and violation of the work assumption. 

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