Aspartate asparagine formation from

FIGURE 20.12 Biosynthetic pathways for asparagine and glutamine by amide formation from aspartate and glutamate, respectively. As explained in the text, the mechanisms of the acyl substitution reactions are given in abbreviated form without showing the tetrahedral intermediates. 

The formation of asparagine from aspartate is chemically analogous to the formation of glutamine from glutamate. Both transformations are amidation reactions and both are driven by the hydrolysis of ATP. The actual reactions are different, however. In bacteria, the reaction for the asparagine synthesis is... 

The Formation of Asparagine from Aspartate Requires an Adenylated Intermediate... 

Removal of the Fmoc group from the N-terminus of the resin-bound peptide chain is normally achieved by treating the peptidyl resin with 20-50% piperidine in DMF. The reaction is typically complete within 4-10 min, depending on the nature of the peptide being synthesized. With peptides containing aspartic acid and asparagine, inclusion of 0.1 M HOBt in the deprotection mixture has been found to be partially effective in suppressing aspartimide formation (18). 

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