A- signal

The concentration of cyanide, CN, in a copper electroplating bath can be determined by a complexometric titration with Ag+, forming the soluble Ag(CN)2 complex. In a typical analysis a 5.00-mL sample from an electroplating bath is transferred to a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask, and treated with 100 mL of H2O, 5 mL of 20% w/v NaOH, and 5 mL of 10% w/v Kl. The sample is titrated with 0.1012 M AgN03, requiring 27.36 mL to reach the end point as signaled by the formation of a yellow precipitate of Agl. Report the concentration of cyanide as parts per million of NaCN. 

Fluorescent Pigments. The first patents for daylight fluorescent products were issued in 1947 (9,10), describing fluorescent dyed cellulose acetate fabrics with several barrier coats to improve long-term stability. These fabrics were brilliantly fluorescent and were widely used during World War II as signal panels. 

Mirrors BBMCA rule (e), and its rotated equivalents, allows groups of particles to be built up to form stable configurations. Such configurations can then be used as mirrors to reflect balls, and thereby to act as signal routers. Figure 6.15, for example, shows the smallest possible fixed configuration consisting of four particles. Since adjacent squares remain uncoupled from one another, mirrors of arbitrary size can be built up from this basic four-particle mirror. 

Na+/K+-ATPase Acts as Signal Transdncer of Endogenous Cardiac Glycosides... 

Burnstock G (1997) The past, present and future of purine nucleotides as signalling molecules. Neuropharmacology 36 1127-1139... 

Most of the many modes of a-Ss have been assigned to their symmetry class. However, some strong infrared absorptions (V4 240 cm V5 470 cm ) and weak Raman lines (Vn 250 cm ) as well as signals originating from accidental degeneracies (e.g., Vi, V5, and Vy at around 475 cm ) were difficult to assign. 

Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds released by plant roots have important functions in plant-pathogenic interactions, feeding deterrence, nematode resistance, and allelopathic interactions they also serve as signal molecules for the establishment of symbiotic associations (72,149). However, a detailed analysis of signaling pathways involved in these interactions is currently available in only a limited number of cases (see also Chap. 7). 

II. FLAVONOIDS AND ISOFLAVONOIDS AS SIGNAL MOLECULES FROM HOST PLANTS... 

NOD FACTORS AS SIGNAL MOLECULES FROM RHIZOBIUM, BRADYRHIZOBIUM, SINORHIZOBIUM, AND MESORHIZOBIUM... 

Root flavonoids that may act as signals for the initiation and development of endomycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbio.ses have been identified (see Chap. 7). Metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathways apparently act as signaling molecules in endo- and ectomycorrhizal interactions (14). The role of flavonoids is still controversial, but a variety of flavanones, flavones, and isoflavones... 

Weigele M, Bohacek R, Jacobsen VA, Macek K, Yang MG, Kawahata NH, Sundaramoorthi R, Wang Y, Takeuchi CS, Luke GP, Metcalf CA III, Shakespeare WC, Sawyer T. Synthesis of phosphono-containing amino acid derivatives and peptides as signal transduction inhibitors. PCT Int Appl W099/24442, 1999. 

---