A Excitation Signals in Voltammetry

Tuiorial Learn more about voltamnieiric instrumentation and waveforms. 

FIGURE 25-2 An operational amplifier potentiosiat. The three-electrode ceH has a working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE), and a counter electrode (CE). 

FIGURE 25-3 Some common types of commercial voltammetric electrodes (a) a disk electrode (b) a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) (c) a microelectrode (d) a sandwich-type flow electrode. (Electrodes [a], [c]. and [d) courtesy of Bioanalyticai Systems. Inc.. West Lafayette. IN. with permission.) 

Mercury working electrodes have been widely used in voluimmetry for. several reasons. One is ihe relatively largo ncgaiive potential range just described. 

FIGURE 25-4 Potential ranges for three types of electrodes in various supporting electrolytes. (Adapted from A. J, Bard and L R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods, 2nd ed., back cover, New York Wiley. 2001. Reprinted by permission ol John Wiley Sons, Inc.) 

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